Questions and Answers
What is a message?
What does the term 'channel' refer to?
The means by which a message is communicated.
What is a listener?
The person who receives the speaker's message.
Define 'frame of reference'.
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What is feedback in the context of communication?
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What does interference mean?
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What does 'situation' refer to in speech communication?
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Define ethnocentrism.
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What is ethics?
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What are ethical decisions?
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What is name-calling?
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What is the Bill of Rights?
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Define plagiarism.
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What is global plagiarism?
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What is patchwork plagiarism?
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What is incremental plagiarism?
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Define paraphrase.
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What does hearing refer to?
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What is listening?
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What is appreciative listening?
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Define empathic listening.
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What does comprehensive listening involve?
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What is critical listening?
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What is 'spare brain time'?
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What does active listening involve?
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What is a key-word outline?
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Define 'topic' in the context of a speech.
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What is brainstorming?
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What does a general purpose signify in speech communication?
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Define specific purpose.
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What is a central idea in a speech?
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Define residual message.
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What does audience-centeredness mean?
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What is identification in public speaking?
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What does egocentrism refer to?
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What is demographic audience analysis?
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Define stereotyping.
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What does situational audience analysis consider?
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What is an attitude in communication?
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What are fixed-alternative questions?
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Define scale questions.
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What are open-ended questions?
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What is a catalogue?
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What is a call number in a library?
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What is a newspaper and periodical database?
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Define abstract in research.
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What is a reference work?
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What is a general encyclopedia?
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What is a special encyclopedia?
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What is a yearbook in research?
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What is a biographical aid?
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What is a virtual library?
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What is a sponsoring organization?
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What is a research interview?
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What is a preliminary bibliography?
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What are supporting materials in a speech?
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Define an example in communication.
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What is a brief example?
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What is an extended example?
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What is a hypothetical example?
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Define statistics in research.
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What is mean in statistics?
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What is median in statistics?
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Define mode in statistics.
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What is testimony?
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What is expert testimony?
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Define peer testimony.
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What is a direct quotation?
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What is paraphrase?
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What does quoting out of context mean?
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What is strategic organization in speech?
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What are main points in a speech?
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What is chronological order in a speech?
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What is spatial order in a speech?
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What is causal order in a speech?
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Define problem-solution order in a speech.
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What is topical order in a speech?
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What are supporting materials in a speech?
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What is a connective?
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What is a transition in a speech?
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Define internal preview in a speech.
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What is an internal summary in a speech?
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What is a signpost in a speech?
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Define a rhetorical question.
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What is credibility in public speaking?
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Define goodwill in public speaking.
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What is a preview statement?
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What is a crescendo ending?
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What is a dissolve ending?
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Define a preparation outline.
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What is a visual framework in a speech outline?
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What is a bibliography in speech preparation?
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What is a speaking outline?
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What are delivery cues?
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Define denotative meaning.
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What is connotative meaning?
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What is a thesaurus?
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Define concrete words.
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What are abstract words?
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What is clutter in communication?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Public Speaking
- Message: The content that a speaker communicates to the audience.
- Channel: The medium through which a message is conveyed (e.g., spoken words, visual aids).
- Listener: The individual receiving the speaker's message, fundamental for effective communication.
- Frame of Reference: The unique combination of knowledge, experiences, and values that influences how individuals interpret messages.
- Feedback: Nonverbal signals sent from the listener back to the speaker, indicating how the message has been received.
- Interference: Any external or internal factors that disrupt the clarity of communication.
- Situation: The specific context (time and place) in which speech communication occurs.
Ethical Aspects of Speaking
- Ethnocentrism: The belief in the superiority of one’s own culture, which can hinder effective communication.
- Ethics: The philosophical study of right and wrong regarding human conduct.
- Ethical Decisions: Choices made by weighing actions against ethical guidelines.
- Name-Calling: Use of derogatory language to defame others, detrimental to discourse.
Academic Integrity
- Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, protecting individual freedoms.
- Plagiarism: Using another's ideas or language without proper acknowledgment.
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Types of Plagiarism:
- Global Plagiarism: Entirely copying a speech from one source.
- Patchwork Plagiarism: Combining ideas or phrases from multiple sources without credit.
- Incremental Plagiarism: Failing to cite parts of a speech used from others.
Listening Skills
- Hearing vs. Listening: Hearing involves the physiological reception of sound; listening requires active engagement and understanding.
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Types of Listening:
- Appreciative Listening: For pleasure or enjoyment.
- Empathic Listening: To provide emotional support.
- Comprehensive Listening: To thoroughly understand the message.
- Critical Listening: To evaluate the message for acceptance or rejection.
Speech Development
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Purpose of a Speech:
- General Purpose: The overarching goal (e.g., to inform, persuade).
- Specific Purpose: A clear, concise statement detailing what the speaker aims to achieve.
- Central Idea: A one-sentence summary encapsulating the main message.
- Residual Message: Key takeaways intended for the audience to remember post-speech.
Audience Analysis
- Audience-Centeredness: Emphasizing the audience's needs and perspectives during speech preparation.
- Demographic Audience Analysis: Evaluating audience characteristics like age, gender, and cultural background.
- Situational Audience Analysis: Considering the physical environment and audience disposition toward the topic.
Supporting Material
- Supporting Materials: Instruments used to bolster a speaker's points, categorized as examples, statistics, and testimony.
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Types of Examples:
- Brief: Short references to illustrate a point.
- Extended: Detailed narratives or anecdotes to clarify.
- Hypothetical: Imagined scenarios to engage the audience.
Organizing a Speech
- Strategic Organization: Crafting speech structure to achieve designated outcomes with the audience.
- Main Points: Primary arguments, typically ranging from two to five, that form the speech's backbone.
Conclusion Techniques
- Crescendo Ending: Building intensity leading to a climactic conclusion.
- Dissolve Ending: Gradually fading the speech to a powerful closing statement.
Speech Outlining
- Preparation Outline: Comprehensive draft including title, purpose, points, and structure.
- Speaking Outline: A concise memory aid used during delivery that includes delivery cues to enhance presentation efficacy.
Language and Meaning
- Denotative Meaning: The literal definition of a word.
- Connotative Meaning: Emotional or associative meanings triggered by a word.
- Clutter: Unnecessary verbosity that obscures ideas, making communication less effective.
These notes encapsulate critical knowledge and tactics for mastering effective public speaking, addressing both ethical considerations and practical strategies for preparation and delivery.
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Description
This quiz features flashcards based on Stephen E. Lucas's 'The Art Of Public Speaking'. It covers key concepts such as message, channel, listener, and frame of reference essential for effective communication. Use these flashcards to enhance your understanding of public speaking dynamics.