The Art Of Public Speaking Flashcards
100 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a message?

  • The sum of a person's knowledge and experience
  • The means by which a message is communicated
  • The person who receives the speaker's message
  • Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else (correct)

What does the term 'channel' refer to?

The means by which a message is communicated.

What is a listener?

The person who receives the speaker's message.

Define 'frame of reference'.

<p>The sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is feedback in the context of communication?

<p>The message, usually nonverbal, sent from listener to a speaker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does interference mean?

<p>Anything that impedes the communication of a message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'situation' refer to in speech communication?

<p>The time and place in which speech communication occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define ethnocentrism.

<p>The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ethics?

<p>The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ethical decisions?

<p>Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is name-calling?

<p>The use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Bill of Rights?

<p>The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define plagiarism.

<p>Presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is global plagiarism?

<p>Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is patchwork plagiarism?

<p>Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is incremental plagiarism?

<p>Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define paraphrase.

<p>To restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hearing refer to?

<p>The vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is listening?

<p>Paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is appreciative listening?

<p>Listening for pleasure or enjoyment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define empathic listening.

<p>Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does comprehensive listening involve?

<p>Listening to understand the message of the speaker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is critical listening?

<p>Listening to evaluate a message for the purpose of accepting or rejecting it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'spare brain time'?

<p>The difference between the rate at which most people talk (120 to 150 words a minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does active listening involve?

<p>Giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker's point of view.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key-word outline?

<p>An outline that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'topic' in the context of a speech.

<p>The subject of a speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is brainstorming?

<p>A method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a general purpose signify in speech communication?

<p>The broad goal of a speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define specific purpose.

<p>A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a central idea in a speech?

<p>A one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define residual message.

<p>What a speaker wants the audience to remember after they have forgotten everything else in a speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does audience-centeredness mean?

<p>Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identification in public speaking?

<p>A process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does egocentrism refer to?

<p>The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is demographic audience analysis?

<p>Audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define stereotyping.

<p>Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does situational audience analysis consider?

<p>The physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an attitude in communication?

<p>A frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fixed-alternative questions?

<p>Questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define scale questions.

<p>Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are open-ended questions?

<p>Questions that allow respondents to answer however they want.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a catalogue?

<p>A listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a call number in a library?

<p>A number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a newspaper and periodical database?

<p>A research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define abstract in research.

<p>A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reference work?

<p>A work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a general encyclopedia?

<p>A comprehensive reference work that provides information about all branches of human knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a special encyclopedia?

<p>A comprehensive reference work devoted to a specific subject, such as religion, art, law, science, music, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a yearbook in research?

<p>A reference work published annually that contains information about the previous year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a biographical aid?

<p>A reference work that provides information about people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a virtual library?

<p>A search engine that combines internet technology with traditional library methods cataloguing and assessing data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sponsoring organization?

<p>An organization that in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a research interview?

<p>An interview conducted to gather information for a speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a preliminary bibliography?

<p>A list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are supporting materials in a speech?

<p>The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define an example in communication.

<p>A specific case used to illustrate or to represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a brief example?

<p>A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an extended example?

<p>A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothetical example?

<p>An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define statistics in research.

<p>Numerical data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mean in statistics?

<p>The average value of a group of numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is median in statistics?

<p>The middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define mode in statistics.

<p>The number that appears the most.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is testimony?

<p>Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expert testimony?

<p>Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define peer testimony.

<p>Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct quotation?

<p>Testimony that is presented word for word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is paraphrase?

<p>To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does quoting out of context mean?

<p>Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is strategic organization in speech?

<p>Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are main points in a speech?

<p>The major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain from two to five main points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chronological order in a speech?

<p>A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is spatial order in a speech?

<p>A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is causal order in a speech?

<p>A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define problem-solution order in a speech.

<p>A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is topical order in a speech?

<p>A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are supporting materials in a speech?

<p>The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a connective?

<p>A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a transition in a speech?

<p>A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define internal preview in a speech.

<p>A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an internal summary in a speech?

<p>A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a signpost in a speech?

<p>A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define a rhetorical question.

<p>A question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is credibility in public speaking?

<p>The audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define goodwill in public speaking.

<p>The audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a preview statement?

<p>A statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crescendo ending?

<p>A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a dissolve ending?

<p>A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define a preparation outline.

<p>A detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a visual framework in a speech outline?

<p>The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationship among the speaker's ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bibliography in speech preparation?

<p>A list of all the sources used in preparing a speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a speaking outline?

<p>A brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are delivery cues?

<p>Directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how they want to deliver key parts of the speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define denotative meaning.

<p>The literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is connotative meaning?

<p>The meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a thesaurus?

<p>A book of synonyms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define concrete words.

<p>Words that refer to tangible objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are abstract words?

<p>Words that refer to ideas or concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is clutter in communication?

<p>Discourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an idea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts in Public Speaking

  • Message: The content that a speaker communicates to the audience.
  • Channel: The medium through which a message is conveyed (e.g., spoken words, visual aids).
  • Listener: The individual receiving the speaker's message, fundamental for effective communication.
  • Frame of Reference: The unique combination of knowledge, experiences, and values that influences how individuals interpret messages.
  • Feedback: Nonverbal signals sent from the listener back to the speaker, indicating how the message has been received.
  • Interference: Any external or internal factors that disrupt the clarity of communication.
  • Situation: The specific context (time and place) in which speech communication occurs.

Ethical Aspects of Speaking

  • Ethnocentrism: The belief in the superiority of one’s own culture, which can hinder effective communication.
  • Ethics: The philosophical study of right and wrong regarding human conduct.
  • Ethical Decisions: Choices made by weighing actions against ethical guidelines.
  • Name-Calling: Use of derogatory language to defame others, detrimental to discourse.

Academic Integrity

  • Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, protecting individual freedoms.
  • Plagiarism: Using another's ideas or language without proper acknowledgment.
  • Types of Plagiarism:
    • Global Plagiarism: Entirely copying a speech from one source.
    • Patchwork Plagiarism: Combining ideas or phrases from multiple sources without credit.
    • Incremental Plagiarism: Failing to cite parts of a speech used from others.

Listening Skills

  • Hearing vs. Listening: Hearing involves the physiological reception of sound; listening requires active engagement and understanding.
  • Types of Listening:
    • Appreciative Listening: For pleasure or enjoyment.
    • Empathic Listening: To provide emotional support.
    • Comprehensive Listening: To thoroughly understand the message.
    • Critical Listening: To evaluate the message for acceptance or rejection.

Speech Development

  • Purpose of a Speech:
    • General Purpose: The overarching goal (e.g., to inform, persuade).
    • Specific Purpose: A clear, concise statement detailing what the speaker aims to achieve.
    • Central Idea: A one-sentence summary encapsulating the main message.
    • Residual Message: Key takeaways intended for the audience to remember post-speech.

Audience Analysis

  • Audience-Centeredness: Emphasizing the audience's needs and perspectives during speech preparation.
  • Demographic Audience Analysis: Evaluating audience characteristics like age, gender, and cultural background.
  • Situational Audience Analysis: Considering the physical environment and audience disposition toward the topic.

Supporting Material

  • Supporting Materials: Instruments used to bolster a speaker's points, categorized as examples, statistics, and testimony.
  • Types of Examples:
    • Brief: Short references to illustrate a point.
    • Extended: Detailed narratives or anecdotes to clarify.
    • Hypothetical: Imagined scenarios to engage the audience.

Organizing a Speech

  • Strategic Organization: Crafting speech structure to achieve designated outcomes with the audience.
  • Main Points: Primary arguments, typically ranging from two to five, that form the speech's backbone.

Conclusion Techniques

  • Crescendo Ending: Building intensity leading to a climactic conclusion.
  • Dissolve Ending: Gradually fading the speech to a powerful closing statement.

Speech Outlining

  • Preparation Outline: Comprehensive draft including title, purpose, points, and structure.
  • Speaking Outline: A concise memory aid used during delivery that includes delivery cues to enhance presentation efficacy.

Language and Meaning

  • Denotative Meaning: The literal definition of a word.
  • Connotative Meaning: Emotional or associative meanings triggered by a word.
  • Clutter: Unnecessary verbosity that obscures ideas, making communication less effective.

These notes encapsulate critical knowledge and tactics for mastering effective public speaking, addressing both ethical considerations and practical strategies for preparation and delivery.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz features flashcards based on Stephen E. Lucas's 'The Art Of Public Speaking'. It covers key concepts such as message, channel, listener, and frame of reference essential for effective communication. Use these flashcards to enhance your understanding of public speaking dynamics.

More Like This

Key Concepts in Speech Delivery
19 questions

Key Concepts in Speech Delivery

StatuesquePrimrose avatar
StatuesquePrimrose
Speech Delivery Techniques
14 questions

Speech Delivery Techniques

GlisteningTriangle2163 avatar
GlisteningTriangle2163
English - Grade 10, Module 8: Public Speaking
24 questions

Grade 10 English Quiz & Flashcards: Module 8 Public Speaking

ConsiderateMarsh avatar
ConsiderateMarsh
MPU-2222 Public Speaking Overview
5 questions

MPU-2222 Public Speaking Overview

ExhilaratingConcreteArt5609 avatar
ExhilaratingConcreteArt5609
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser