The Age of Jackson Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary reason the Cherokees adopted features of white civilization?

  • To establish their own political party
  • To resist the Indian Removal Act
  • To gain favor with the US government (correct)
  • To facilitate communication among tribes

What was the legal outcome of Worcester v. Georgia regarding the missionaries?

  • The missionaries were required to leave Georgia
  • The missionaries were denied protection
  • The missionaries were fined for their activities
  • The missionaries were ordered to be released (correct)

What term did the Cherokees use to describe their forced relocation?

  • Journey of Struggle
  • Trail of Tears (correct)
  • Path of Sorrow
  • Way of the Lost

Which political party opposed Andrew Jackson and supported a mixed economy?

<p>Whig Party (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a consequence of the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

<p>Forced relocation of multiple tribes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Democrats primarily support regarding territorial expansion?

<p>Unrestricted expansion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major conflict involved Black Hawk and centered around resistance to the U.S. government?

<p>Black Hawk War (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Whig Party think about Indian rights?

<p>They generally supported the rights of the Indians (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 authorize?

<p>The president to grant land West of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which conflict was characterized by the brief but bloody confrontations between the US government and Native Americans led by Chief Black Hawk?

<p>The Black Hawk War (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant reason behind the removal of Native Americans during the 1830s?

<p>The expansion of the United States into western territories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Trail of Tears between 1830 and 1850?

<p>Significant population loss among the Indian tribes involved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the First Seminole War?

<p>The acquisition of Florida by the United States (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the Seminoles during the Second Seminole War?

<p>Kenny Oceani (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the Panic of 1819 on the economy?

<p>Dramatic rise in unemployment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event was significant in highlighting the division over slavery in American politics?

<p>The Missouri Compromise of 1821 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major theme in the relationship between the US government and Native American tribes in the early 19th century?

<p>Persistent resistance against forced relocation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many states were there in the U.S. by 1819, and how were they divided between slave and free states?

<p>22 states, with 11 free and 11 slave (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the Treaty of Moultrie Creek have on the Seminole land claims?

<p>It reduced their land to 4,000,000 acres (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What internal improvement was partially completed as part of the American system?

<p>Building of the National Road (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Talmage amendment in relation to Missouri's state admission?

<p>To prohibit Missouri from becoming a slave state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major agricultural shift supported the increased support for slavery among Southerners?

<p>The cotton boom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main reasons for the sectional conflict regarding the admission of Missouri?

<p>Desire to maintain a balance of power between slave and free states (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the American system proved to be the least successful?

<p>Internal improvements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Indian Removal Act of 1830

A US law authorizing the president to exchange Native American lands within existing states for western lands, effectively displacing Native Americans.

Trail of Tears

The forced migration of Native Americans from the southeastern US to lands west of the Mississippi River, resulting in thousands of deaths.

Black Hawk War

A conflict in 1832 when Sauk and Fox Indians attempted to reclaim their land in Illinois after being forced westward by the US government.

First Seminole War

A conflict (1817-1818) between the US Army and Seminole Indians centered around runaway slaves escaping to Seminole territory.

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Second Seminole War

A prolonged war (1835-1842) between the US Army and Seminole Indians in Florida, where the Seminoles used the swampy terrain to fight back.

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Native American Assimilation

The process of incorporating Native American people into mainstream American culture, frequently with unintended negative consequences.

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President Andrew Jackson

U.S. President during the Indian Removal Act and the wars against Native American Tribes.

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US Governmental Coercion

The use of pressure, threats, or force by the US government to compel Native Americans to sign treaties or abandon their lands.

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Cherokee Alphabet

A written alphabet developed by Sequoyah, enabling Cherokees to publish newspapers and the Bible in their own language.

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Whig Party

A political party formed in opposition to President Andrew Jackson, advocating for a mixed economy with government intervention to promote growth.

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Andrew Jackson

President who largely ignored the Supreme Court decisions and oversaw the forced removal of Native Americans.

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John Marshall

Supreme Court justice who ruled in favor of Cherokee rights, but who's decisions were ignored by President Jackson.

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King Andrew

Nickname given to President Andrew Jackson by the Whigs, criticizing his high-handed use of power.

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Political Alliance

Groups with similar political ideals joining forces, as seen by the Whig Party's opposition to President Jackson.

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Mixed Economy

A blend of commerce, manufacturing, and agriculture that the Whig Party supported for economic growth.

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Panic of 1819

A financial crisis in the US marked by bank failures, foreclosures, unemployment, and falling agricultural prices

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Internal improvements

Projects to develop roads, canals, etc. in the US, part of the American System, but found to be less successful

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Missouri Compromise (1820)

Agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining a balance in Congress.

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Sectionalism

Loyalty to one's region or section of the country

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Slavery

The practice of owning and controlling people as property, often used for labor.

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Missouri's statehood application

Missouri's request to become a state in the US, which ignited a conflict over maintaining the balance of free and slave states

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American System

A plan for economic growth, including internal improvements and protective tariffs.

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Talmage amendment

A proposal to prohibit the introduction of slavery in the Missouri Territory.

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Study Notes

The Age of Jackson

  • The period from 1820 to 1840 is often associated with Andrew Jackson, though it predates his presidency
  • Nationalism, sectionalism, and democratization were prominent before Jackson's time
  • The Tariff of 1816 was enacted to protect US manufacturing from foreign competition following the War of 1812
  • Southerners resisted the tariff because it increased the cost of goods they imported and reduced foreign markets for their exports

American System

  • Henry Clay promoted the American System, a legislative program to unify the nation
  • The system aimed to establish a protective tariff (Tariff of 1816) to boost American manufacturing
  • The creation of a second National Bank to provide financial support and extend credit to farmers
  • Establishment of a national transportation system to aid trade

Panic of 1819

  • A severe financial crisis triggered by the Bank of the United States' attempt to control speculation on western land
  • The crisis disproportionately affected the poorer classes in the West
  • Declining cotton prices and tightening credit from the bank contributed to the panic

Missouri Compromise (1820)

  • In 1819, there were 11 free and 11 slave states
  • Missouri's application as a slave state caused debate regarding the balance of power in Congress
  • The Compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state
  • The compromise prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36°30'

Rise of Democratic Participation

  • Increased voting rights for white males
  • Property requirements for voting lessened in many states
  • Democratization greatly expanded political participation

The Election of 1824

  • Several candidates contested for the presidency resulting in a dispute settled by the House of Representatives

  • Clay supported Adams, who subsequently won the presidency

  • Jackson supporters accused Clay and Adams of a corrupt bargain

  • The election marked a shift toward a more democratic approach to electing presidents

Jacksonian Presidency

  • Spoils system of appointing supporters to office
  • Vetoes of legislation were significant
  • The elimination of the Second National Bank was significant

Native American Removal

  • The Trail of Tears is often used to describe the forced removal of Native Americans from their lands.
  • The Indian Removal Act of 1830 authorized the president to negotiate treaties with Native American tribes and to relocate them west of the Mississippi River.

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