54 Questions
Which of the following is a reason why adolescents are more vulnerable to affective disorders like depression and anxiety?
Adolescents experience neurobiological changes during this time
What is one of the things the speaker is interested in understanding?
How brain changes in adolescence confer risk for affective disorders
Do all individuals who have an affective disorder in adolescence go on to have it in adulthood?
No, only a minority of individuals with affective disorders in adolescence continue to have them in adulthood
Why is adolescence considered a key window for learning and discovery?
Because it is the first time individuals build relationships outside of those that were given
What does the speaker mention as an opportunity during adolescence?
The opportunity to mitigate the effects of earlier adversity
What are adolescents rapidly learning and adapting to during this time?
All of the above
What is one reason why adolescents are more vulnerable to affective disorders?
They have fewer supportive relationships
What is the speaker interested in understanding about the vulnerability period in adolescence?
How long it lasts
What is one reason why adolescence is a key period for learning and discovery?
Because it is the first time individuals can seek out supportive relationships
What does the speaker mention as a potential way to mitigate the effects of earlier adversity during adolescence?
Building supportive relationships
Which neuroimaging technique was used in the study mentioned in the text?
fMRI
What is the task that participants in the study had to complete in the simulated car?
Reach the end of a straight track as quickly as possible
What happens if participants choose to run a yellow light and are successful in the study?
They don't have a delay
Why does the speaker mention the limitations of the neuroimaging methods used in the study?
To acknowledge the potential weaknesses of the study
In the study, participants completed the task in two conditions. What were these conditions?
Alone and with a peer looking on
What is the main purpose of using fMRI in the study?
To compare blood oxygenation changes between conditions
What is reverse inference used for in the study?
To indicate which brain regions are involved in the task
What are some of the limitations of the neuroimaging methods used in the study?
Not being able to observe within-person changes in real time
Why is it difficult to simulate a naturalistic setting in the study?
Because it is hard to control for all stimuli and variables
When does adolescence typically start?
Around the age of puberty
When does adolescence typically end?
In early adulthood
What is meant by reaching an 'adult-like cognitive or behavioral capacity'?
When adolescent cognition and behavior resemble that of adults
Why is the age of 25 often considered as the upper limit for adolescence?
Because there are neural maturational features of development that cement around that time
What is the main purpose of defining adolescence in the literature?
To study adolescent phenomena
Which part of the brain is generally the last to fully mature?
Prefrontal cortex
What are examples of structural changes in the brain?
All of the above
What do functional changes in the brain refer to?
The way the brain communicates
What contributes to behavior during brain development?
Structural and functional changes
What happens to grey matter as individuals age?
It thins
Which part of the brain is the last to fully mature?
Prefrontal cortex
What are examples of structural changes in the brain?
All of the above
What do functional changes in the brain refer to?
Changes in brain communication
What contributes to behavior during brain development?
Both structural and functional changes
Why is adolescence considered a key window for learning and discovery?
Because the brain undergoes functional changes
Which part of the brain is the last to fully mature?
Prefrontal cortex
What are examples of structural changes in the brain?
Grey matter thinning
What contributes to behavior during brain development?
Functional and structural changes in the brain
What are examples of functional changes in the brain?
Way the brain communicates
What is an example of a structural change in the brain?
Grey matter thinning
During brain development, which of the following is an example of a structural change?
The thinning of grey matter
Which part of the brain is generally the last to fully mature?
Prefrontal cortex
What contributes to behavior during brain development?
The way the brain communicates between regions
Which of the following is an example of a functional change in the brain?
The way the brain communicates between regions
What are examples of structural changes in the brain?
The thinning of grey matter
During which phase of puberty does the awakening of the hormones and the adrenal glands occur?
Adrenarche
What is the age range for the occurrence of adrenarche in females?
6-9
What is the age range for the occurrence of adrenarche in males?
7-10
Which axis is responsible for the increase in adrenal androgens during the pre-pubertal period?
HPA axis
Which phase of puberty is often considered the actual puberty?
Gonadarche
What are examples of primary sex characteristics that develop during gonadarche?
All of the above
What is the age range for the occurrence of gonadarche in females?
8-14
What is the age range for the occurrence of gonadarche in males?
9-15
When does the growth of the body due to the distribution of growth hormone typically happen in females?
Around 12
When does the growth of the body due to the distribution of growth hormone typically happen in males?
Around 14
Test your knowledge on the link between brain changes in adolescence and the risk for affective disorders like depression and anxiety. Explore the neurobiological factors that make adolescents more vulnerable to these disorders and learn about the impact of emotional regulation on their emotional states.
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