The Adolescent Brain
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a reason why adolescents are more vulnerable to affective disorders like depression and anxiety?

  • Adolescents experience neurobiological changes during this time (correct)
  • Adolescents have fewer supportive relationships
  • Adolescents have better regulation of their emotional response to the environment
  • Adolescents have more stable emotional states

What is one of the things the speaker is interested in understanding?

  • How to prevent affective disorders in adolescence
  • How brain changes in adolescence confer risk for affective disorders (correct)
  • How adolescents develop supportive relationships
  • How adolescents regulate their emotional response

Do all individuals who have an affective disorder in adolescence go on to have it in adulthood?

  • Yes, all individuals with affective disorders in adolescence continue to have them in adulthood
  • It depends on the type of affective disorder
  • There is not enough information to determine
  • No, only a minority of individuals with affective disorders in adolescence continue to have them in adulthood (correct)

Why is adolescence considered a key window for learning and discovery?

<p>Because it is the first time individuals build relationships outside of those that were given (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the speaker mention as an opportunity during adolescence?

<p>The opportunity to mitigate the effects of earlier adversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are adolescents rapidly learning and adapting to during this time?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why adolescents are more vulnerable to affective disorders?

<p>They have fewer supportive relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the speaker interested in understanding about the vulnerability period in adolescence?

<p>How long it lasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why adolescence is a key period for learning and discovery?

<p>Because it is the first time individuals can seek out supportive relationships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the speaker mention as a potential way to mitigate the effects of earlier adversity during adolescence?

<p>Building supportive relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neuroimaging technique was used in the study mentioned in the text?

<p>fMRI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the task that participants in the study had to complete in the simulated car?

<p>Reach the end of a straight track as quickly as possible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if participants choose to run a yellow light and are successful in the study?

<p>They don't have a delay (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the speaker mention the limitations of the neuroimaging methods used in the study?

<p>To acknowledge the potential weaknesses of the study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the study, participants completed the task in two conditions. What were these conditions?

<p>Alone and with a peer looking on (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using fMRI in the study?

<p>To compare blood oxygenation changes between conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is reverse inference used for in the study?

<p>To indicate which brain regions are involved in the task (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the limitations of the neuroimaging methods used in the study?

<p>Not being able to observe within-person changes in real time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to simulate a naturalistic setting in the study?

<p>Because it is hard to control for all stimuli and variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does adolescence typically start?

<p>Around the age of puberty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does adolescence typically end?

<p>In early adulthood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by reaching an 'adult-like cognitive or behavioral capacity'?

<p>When adolescent cognition and behavior resemble that of adults (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the age of 25 often considered as the upper limit for adolescence?

<p>Because there are neural maturational features of development that cement around that time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of defining adolescence in the literature?

<p>To study adolescent phenomena (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is generally the last to fully mature?

<p>Prefrontal cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of structural changes in the brain?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do functional changes in the brain refer to?

<p>The way the brain communicates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to behavior during brain development?

<p>Structural and functional changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to grey matter as individuals age?

<p>It thins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is the last to fully mature?

<p>Prefrontal cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of structural changes in the brain?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do functional changes in the brain refer to?

<p>Changes in brain communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to behavior during brain development?

<p>Both structural and functional changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is adolescence considered a key window for learning and discovery?

<p>Because the brain undergoes functional changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is the last to fully mature?

<p>Prefrontal cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of structural changes in the brain?

<p>Grey matter thinning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to behavior during brain development?

<p>Functional and structural changes in the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of functional changes in the brain?

<p>Way the brain communicates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a structural change in the brain?

<p>Grey matter thinning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During brain development, which of the following is an example of a structural change?

<p>The thinning of grey matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is generally the last to fully mature?

<p>Prefrontal cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to behavior during brain development?

<p>The way the brain communicates between regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a functional change in the brain?

<p>The way the brain communicates between regions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of structural changes in the brain?

<p>The thinning of grey matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of puberty does the awakening of the hormones and the adrenal glands occur?

<p>Adrenarche (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for the occurrence of adrenarche in females?

<p>6-9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for the occurrence of adrenarche in males?

<p>7-10 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which axis is responsible for the increase in adrenal androgens during the pre-pubertal period?

<p>HPA axis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of puberty is often considered the actual puberty?

<p>Gonadarche (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of primary sex characteristics that develop during gonadarche?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for the occurrence of gonadarche in females?

<p>8-14 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for the occurrence of gonadarche in males?

<p>9-15 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the growth of the body due to the distribution of growth hormone typically happen in females?

<p>Around 12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the growth of the body due to the distribution of growth hormone typically happen in males?

<p>Around 14 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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