The Adolescent Brain
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a reason why adolescents are more vulnerable to affective disorders like depression and anxiety?

  • Adolescents experience neurobiological changes during this time (correct)
  • Adolescents have fewer supportive relationships
  • Adolescents have better regulation of their emotional response to the environment
  • Adolescents have more stable emotional states

    • What is one of the things the speaker is interested in understanding?

  • How to prevent affective disorders in adolescence
  • How brain changes in adolescence confer risk for affective disorders (correct)
  • How adolescents develop supportive relationships
  • How adolescents regulate their emotional response

    • Do all individuals who have an affective disorder in adolescence go on to have it in adulthood?

  • Yes, all individuals with affective disorders in adolescence continue to have them in adulthood
  • It depends on the type of affective disorder
  • There is not enough information to determine
  • No, only a minority of individuals with affective disorders in adolescence continue to have them in adulthood (correct)

    • Why is adolescence considered a key window for learning and discovery?

    <p>Because it is the first time individuals build relationships outside of those that were given</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the speaker mention as an opportunity during adolescence?

    <p>The opportunity to mitigate the effects of earlier adversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are adolescents rapidly learning and adapting to during this time?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why adolescents are more vulnerable to affective disorders?

    <p>They have fewer supportive relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speaker interested in understanding about the vulnerability period in adolescence?

    <p>How long it lasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why adolescence is a key period for learning and discovery?

    <p>Because it is the first time individuals can seek out supportive relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the speaker mention as a potential way to mitigate the effects of earlier adversity during adolescence?

    <p>Building supportive relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neuroimaging technique was used in the study mentioned in the text?

    <p>fMRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the task that participants in the study had to complete in the simulated car?

    <p>Reach the end of a straight track as quickly as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if participants choose to run a yellow light and are successful in the study?

    <p>They don't have a delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the speaker mention the limitations of the neuroimaging methods used in the study?

    <p>To acknowledge the potential weaknesses of the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study, participants completed the task in two conditions. What were these conditions?

    <p>Alone and with a peer looking on</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using fMRI in the study?

    <p>To compare blood oxygenation changes between conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reverse inference used for in the study?

    <p>To indicate which brain regions are involved in the task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the limitations of the neuroimaging methods used in the study?

    <p>Not being able to observe within-person changes in real time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to simulate a naturalistic setting in the study?

    <p>Because it is hard to control for all stimuli and variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does adolescence typically start?

    <p>Around the age of puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does adolescence typically end?

    <p>In early adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by reaching an 'adult-like cognitive or behavioral capacity'?

    <p>When adolescent cognition and behavior resemble that of adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the age of 25 often considered as the upper limit for adolescence?

    <p>Because there are neural maturational features of development that cement around that time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of defining adolescence in the literature?

    <p>To study adolescent phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is generally the last to fully mature?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of structural changes in the brain?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do functional changes in the brain refer to?

    <p>The way the brain communicates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to behavior during brain development?

    <p>Structural and functional changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to grey matter as individuals age?

    <p>It thins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is the last to fully mature?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of structural changes in the brain?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do functional changes in the brain refer to?

    <p>Changes in brain communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to behavior during brain development?

    <p>Both structural and functional changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is adolescence considered a key window for learning and discovery?

    <p>Because the brain undergoes functional changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is the last to fully mature?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of structural changes in the brain?

    <p>Grey matter thinning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to behavior during brain development?

    <p>Functional and structural changes in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of functional changes in the brain?

    <p>Way the brain communicates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a structural change in the brain?

    <p>Grey matter thinning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During brain development, which of the following is an example of a structural change?

    <p>The thinning of grey matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is generally the last to fully mature?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to behavior during brain development?

    <p>The way the brain communicates between regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a functional change in the brain?

    <p>The way the brain communicates between regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of structural changes in the brain?

    <p>The thinning of grey matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of puberty does the awakening of the hormones and the adrenal glands occur?

    <p>Adrenarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for the occurrence of adrenarche in females?

    <p>6-9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for the occurrence of adrenarche in males?

    <p>7-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which axis is responsible for the increase in adrenal androgens during the pre-pubertal period?

    <p>HPA axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of puberty is often considered the actual puberty?

    <p>Gonadarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of primary sex characteristics that develop during gonadarche?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for the occurrence of gonadarche in females?

    <p>8-14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for the occurrence of gonadarche in males?

    <p>9-15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the growth of the body due to the distribution of growth hormone typically happen in females?

    <p>Around 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the growth of the body due to the distribution of growth hormone typically happen in males?

    <p>Around 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

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