Adolescence Test 1 Flashcards

It suggests that adolescence is a sociohistorical creation influenced by the historical circumstances at the beginning of the 20th century.

Characteristics related to a person's date of birth, era, or generation rather than to their actual age.

<p>The generation born after 1980, noted for ethnic diversity and technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adelson's concept of generalizations being made about adolescents based on information regarding a limited, often highly visible, group of adolescents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A national government's course of action to influence the welfare of its citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in an individual's body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in an individual's thinking and intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in an individual's personality and emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A developmental period of transition from childhood to adulthood; it involves biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The developmental period occurring from approximately 18 to 25 years old, characterized by experimentation and exploration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Debates about whether development is primarily influenced by biological inheritance or by environmental experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The debate regarding whether development involves gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The question of how early experiences or later experiences are key determinants of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps explain phenomena and make predictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific assertions and predictions that can be tested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theories that describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily influenced by emotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It includes 8 stages, each consisting of a unique developmental task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory emphasizing reciprocal influences of behavior, environment, and personal/cognitive factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A framework that focuses on the influence of five environmental systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A research method involving providing participants with electronic pagers to report on various aspects of their lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A preconceived notion about the abilities of females and males that prevents individuals from pursuing their own interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of an ethnic label in a superficial way that portrays ethnic groups as more homogenous than they really are.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A brain-neuroendocrine process occurring primarily in early adolescence that stimulates rapid physical changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Powerful chemicals secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothalamus --&gt; Pituitary gland --&gt; Gonads --&gt; Androgens and Estrogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A boy's first ejaculation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The very early onset and rapid progression of puberty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patterns of the onset of puberty over historical time, especially across generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A modification of behavior that promotes an organism's survival in the natural habitat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach that emphasizes adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in explaining behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person's genetic heritage; the actual genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The way an individual's genotype is expressed in observed characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that development is the result of an ongoing bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A developmental perspective in which biological processes and environmental conditions influence brain development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerve fibers that connect the brain and process information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mental concept or framework useful for organizing and interpreting information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mechanism in Piaget's theory explaining how individuals shift from one state of thought to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piaget's fourth and final stage of cognitive development characterized by abstract, idealistic, and logical thought.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piaget's term for adolescents' ability to develop hypotheses and deduce solutions to problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theorists who argue that Piaget's theory needs revision, emphasizing information processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thought that is reflective, relativistic, and contextual, open to emotions and subjective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vygotsky's concept referring to the range of tasks too difficult for an individual to master alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentrating and focusing on mental resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attention that involves planning actions, allocating attention to goals, and monitoring progress on tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A model stating that decision making is influenced by two systems: one analytical and one experiential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thinking reflectively and productively, evaluating evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pattern of thinking where individuals produce one correct answer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pattern of thinking in which individuals produce many answers to the same question.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A view emphasizing individual differences in intelligence, often assessed with IQ tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IQ is a person's tested mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The way individuals conceptualize and reason about their social worlds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heightened self-consciousness of adolescents, reflected in their belief that others are as interested in them as they are in themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychologists suggest that these processes interact dynamically, influencing one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are passive (inheritance of genes), evocative (genetic traits evoke responses), and active (individuals seek environments matching their genetic tendencies).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improvements include increased processing speed, enhanced working memory, and better strategizing and planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers