Adolescence Test 1 Flashcards

It suggests that adolescence is a sociohistorical creation influenced by the historical circumstances at the beginning of the 20th century.

Characteristics related to a person's date of birth, era, or generation rather than to their actual age.

<p>The generation born after 1980, noted for ethnic diversity and technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adelson's concept of generalizations being made about adolescents based on information regarding a limited, often highly visible, group of adolescents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A national government's course of action to influence the welfare of its citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in an individual's body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in an individual's thinking and intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in an individual's personality and emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A developmental period of transition from childhood to adulthood; it involves biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The developmental period occurring from approximately 18 to 25 years old, characterized by experimentation and exploration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Debates about whether development is primarily influenced by biological inheritance or by environmental experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The debate regarding whether development involves gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The question of how early experiences or later experiences are key determinants of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps explain phenomena and make predictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific assertions and predictions that can be tested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theories that describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily influenced by emotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It includes 8 stages, each consisting of a unique developmental task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory emphasizing reciprocal influences of behavior, environment, and personal/cognitive factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A framework that focuses on the influence of five environmental systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A research method involving providing participants with electronic pagers to report on various aspects of their lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A preconceived notion about the abilities of females and males that prevents individuals from pursuing their own interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of an ethnic label in a superficial way that portrays ethnic groups as more homogenous than they really are.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A brain-neuroendocrine process occurring primarily in early adolescence that stimulates rapid physical changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Powerful chemicals secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothalamus --&gt; Pituitary gland --&gt; Gonads --&gt; Androgens and Estrogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A boy's first ejaculation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The very early onset and rapid progression of puberty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patterns of the onset of puberty over historical time, especially across generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A modification of behavior that promotes an organism's survival in the natural habitat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach that emphasizes adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in explaining behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person's genetic heritage; the actual genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The way an individual's genotype is expressed in observed characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that development is the result of an ongoing bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A developmental perspective in which biological processes and environmental conditions influence brain development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerve fibers that connect the brain and process information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mental concept or framework useful for organizing and interpreting information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mechanism in Piaget's theory explaining how individuals shift from one state of thought to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piaget's fourth and final stage of cognitive development characterized by abstract, idealistic, and logical thought.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piaget's term for adolescents' ability to develop hypotheses and deduce solutions to problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theorists who argue that Piaget's theory needs revision, emphasizing information processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thought that is reflective, relativistic, and contextual, open to emotions and subjective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vygotsky's concept referring to the range of tasks too difficult for an individual to master alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentrating and focusing on mental resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attention that involves planning actions, allocating attention to goals, and monitoring progress on tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A model stating that decision making is influenced by two systems: one analytical and one experiential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thinking reflectively and productively, evaluating evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pattern of thinking where individuals produce one correct answer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pattern of thinking in which individuals produce many answers to the same question.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A view emphasizing individual differences in intelligence, often assessed with IQ tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IQ is a person's tested mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The way individuals conceptualize and reason about their social worlds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heightened self-consciousness of adolescents, reflected in their belief that others are as interested in them as they are in themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychologists suggest that these processes interact dynamically, influencing one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are passive (inheritance of genes), evocative (genetic traits evoke responses), and active (individuals seek environments matching their genetic tendencies).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improvements include increased processing speed, enhanced working memory, and better strategizing and planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A concept proposed by G. Stanley Hall, highlighting adolescence as a turbulent period marked by emotional swings and conflicts.

A perspective viewing adolescence as a social construct, influenced by societal changes like the rise of youth dependency in the early 20th century.

Developmental characteristics are influenced by an individual's birth date or generational context, not just age.

Individuals born after 1980, characterized by ethnic diversity and technological proficiency.

A concept introduced by Adelson, highlighting how generalizations about adolescents often stem from limited, visible samples.

Government actions aimed at improving the well-being of citizens.

Changes occurring from conception throughout the lifespan.

Physical transformations occurring within an individual's body during development.

Changes in thinking, intelligence, and reasoning throughout development.

Changes in personality, emotional responses, and social relationships over time.

A transitional phase from childhood to adulthood, involving biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes, typically from ages 10 to late teens.

A developmental phase from approximately ages 18 to 25, characterized by exploration, experimentation, and figuring out one's identity.

The ongoing debate on whether development is primarily influenced by genetic inheritance or environmental experiences.

The ongoing discussion about whether development is a continuous, gradual process or occurs in distinct stages.

The focus on the impact of early versus later life experiences on development.

A set of interconnected ideas that explain phenomena and predict outcomes in developmental psychology.

Testable predictions derived from theories, providing specific assertions to evaluate.

Theories suggesting that developmental processes are driven by unconscious and emotional factors.

Erikson's theory proposing eight stages of development, each marked by a unique psychosocial task.

Vygotsky's theory highlighting the role of culture and social interaction in cognitive development.

Bandura's theory emphasizing the interplay between behavior, environment, and cognitive processes in learning.

Bronfenbrenner's theory focusing on five environmental systems influencing development: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.

A research approach using electronic pagers to capture participants' real-time experiences.

Preconceived notions about capabilities based on gender, hindering individual interests.

Superficial representation of ethnic groups, assuming uniformity amidst diversity.

A brain-endocrine process initiating rapid physical development during early adolescence.

Chemical messengers secreted by glands, playing a crucial role in development.

The sequence involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads, leading to the production of androgens and estrogens.

The first ejaculation experienced by boys.

Unusually early onset and rapid progression of puberty.

Historical patterns observed in the timing of puberty onset across generations.

Behavioral modifications enhancing survival in natural settings.

A field that focuses on adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest.

An individual's genetic makeup.

The observable characteristics resulting from the genotype.

The study of how heredity and environment contribute to individual differences in development.

Development is influenced by an ongoing interplay of genetics and environmental factors.

Brain development is influenced by a combination of biological and environmental factors.

Nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain, facilitating information processing.

Mental frameworks that help us organize and interpret information.

A mechanism in Piaget's theory explaining cognitive shifts through conflict and resolution towards balance.

Piaget's final cognitive developmental stage, emerging around ages 11 to 15, marked by abstract and logical thinking.

The ability to formulate hypotheses and deduce solutions in problem-solving during the formal operational stage.

Theorists who advocate modifications to Piaget's theories, emphasizing information processing aspects.

Reflective, context-sensitive thinking that accommodates emotions and subjective experiences.

Vygotsky's concept indicating the range of tasks manageable with adult assistance.

Focused concentration on mental resources in processing information.

The ability to maintain focus on a specific stimulus over an extended time.

Involves planning actions, allocating focus to goals, monitoring task progress, and error correction.

Highlights the interplay between analytical and experiential systems in decision-making, benefitting adolescent choices.

Reflective and evaluative thinking regarding evidence and reasoning.

Producing a single correct answer to problems, typical in standardized intelligence tests.

Generating multiple answers for a single question, fostering creativity.

Emphasizes individual differences in intelligence, often measured through IQ tests.

Calculated as a person's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.

How individuals understand and reason about their social environments.

Increased self-consciousness during adolescence, believing others are equally interested in them.