Textile Slings Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following materials is NOT commonly used in the manufacture of textile slings?

  • Polypropylene
  • Acrylic (correct)
  • Polyamide (nylon)
  • Polyester

Which type of textile sling is known for its ability to distribute the load across its entire width, reducing the risk of point contact damage?

  • Chain sling
  • Wire rope sling
  • Flat woven webbing sling (correct)
  • Roundsling

Which of the following materials is considered a natural fiber often used in the production of rope slings?

  • Polyamide (nylon)
  • Manila (correct)
  • HMPE (High Modulus Polyethylene)
  • Polyester

What is the primary function of the protective cover in a roundsling?

<p>To protect the core of the sling from damage and wear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using flat woven webbing slings over wire rope or chain slings?

<p>Reduced risk of surface damage to the load (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT typically considered when comparing different types of textile slings?

<p>Color availability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of textile sling is most commonly used for general lifting purposes?

<p>Flat woven webbing sling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of a rigging screw?

<p>It has a tubular body with one right-hand and one left-hand thread. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary load-bearing component of a roundsling?

<p>The core (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terminal fittings can be connected to a turnbuckle?

<p>Screwed eyes, hooks, or forks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the drilled inspection hole in a rigging screw?

<p>To check the engagement of the threaded portion with the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a turnbuckle from a rigging screw?

<p>Its open body design with reins and threaded bosses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about rigging screws is true?

<p>They are also referred to as bottle screws in some industries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of a bolt with a hexagon head, hexagon nut, and split cotter pin?

<p>To secure a connection that cannot be accidentally loosened (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using an eyebolt with a link compared to a collared eyebolt?

<p>The ability to handle loads applied at an angle to the axis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable angle of the load to the axis of the screw thread for an eyebolt with a link?

<p>15 degrees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size range for the thread of an eyebolt with a link?

<p>20mm to 48mm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary design feature of a collared eyebolt that distinguishes it from an eyebolt with a link?

<p>The collar is integrated with the eye in one plane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of an eyebolt with a link that makes it suitable for a wide range of loading applications?

<p>The link provides a high degree of flexibility in loading directions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the collar on a collared eyebolt?

<p>To provide additional strength to the eyebolt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following combinations of components is typically used where a positive and permanent connection is required?

<p>Hexagon head bolt, hexagon nut, split cotter pin, spreader beam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common use of shackles in lifting operations?

<p>Securing cargo containers for transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of shackles used for lifting today?

<p>Bow, Dee, and Grab types (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor determining a shackle's safe working load (SWL)?

<p>The grade of steel used in its construction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do older, now withdrawn shackle standards differ from current standards?

<p>Older standards specified all dimensions, while current standards only specify some. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a large dee shackle and a small dee shackle?

<p>A large dee shackle has ample internal clearances, while a small dee shackle has moderate clearances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shackle would be suitable for attaching a wire rope thimble to a lifting hook?

<p>Small dee shackle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about shackles is TRUE?

<p>The safe working load of a shackle is directly related to the grade of steel used in its construction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding shackle sizing?

<p>Older standard shackles are sized based on the pin diameter, while newer standards are sized based on their WLL. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of man-made fibre roundslings compared to wire rope and chain slings?

<p>They are less likely to damage delicate surfaces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sling has declined in use in favor of newer textile slings?

<p>Fibre rope slings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of fibre rope slings compared to other textile slings?

<p>They are bulkier to handle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the eyes of fibre rope slings formed?

<p>By bending the rope to form a loop and tucking strands back. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended protective measure when using multi-leg fibre rope slings?

<p>Using thimbles to protect the eyes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to identify different types of fibre rope visually?

<p>They have similar appearances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of splicing a fibre rope sling achieve?

<p>It forms an endless loop. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key differences between fibre rope slings and chain or wire rope slings?

<p>Fibre rope slings have a softer point contact with the load. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of the Dynamo Eyebolt compared to other eyebolts?

<p>It cannot be used for horizontal lifting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must not exceed 5° when using yokes with eyebolts in pairs of the same capacity?

<p>The alignment of the plane of the eye of each eyebolt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a reduction in the maximum load necessary when eyebolts are subjected to angular loads?

<p>It is to prevent overloading the shank. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum thickness of shims that can be used to align eyebolts?

<p>Half of one thread (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of thread sizes, what is the range for metric coarse pitch series eyebolts?

<p>12mm to 72mm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about collar eyebolts is true?

<p>Their capacity is affected by angular loading. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the SWL capacity range for imperial threaded dynamo eyebolts?

<p>0.25t to 10t (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the capacities of collar eyebolts for SWL?

<p>0.25t to 30t (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Textile Slings

Lifting devices made from man-made or natural fibres for load handling.

Man-Made Fibres

Synthetic materials like nylon, polyester, and polypropylene used for slings.

Natural Fibres

Natural materials such as manila, sisal, and hemp used for slings, less common now.

HMPE Slings

High Modulus Polyethylene slings known for high abrasion and cut resistance.

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Flat Woven Webbing Slings

Soft slings ideal for supporting loads, offering rigidity and load spread.

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Roundsling

A lifting sling with a core for load bearing, covered by a protective sleeve.

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Load bearing core

The part of the roundsling that supports the weight being lifted.

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Protective Cover

The outer layer of a roundsling that protects the load-bearing core.

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Fibre Rope Slings

Traditional textile slings made from cut lengths of rope that are hand spliced.

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Man-Made Fibre Roundslings

Endless soft textile slings that are pliable and gentle on delicate surfaces.

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Handling Characteristics

Fibre rope slings are bulkier and less pliable, presenting a hard point of contact.

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Splicing Techniques

Fibre rope slings are made by hand splicing eyes at ends or forming endless loops.

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Multi-Leg Slings

Slings that consist of multiple legs, typically with a master link at one end.

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Thimbles in Rope Slings

Protective devices used in multi-leg slings to safeguard the eyes from wear.

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Load Application

The method by which a load is applied to a sling, affecting the splicing technique.

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Identification Challenges

Visually, different rope fibres look similar, complicating their identification.

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Shackles

Common lifting accessories connecting loads to lifting appliances and slings.

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Types of Shackles

Three main types: Bow, Dee, and Grab shackles.

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Dee Shackle

Shackles with internal clearances for general engineering purposes.

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Large Dee Shackle

A shackle with ample internal clearances for general engineering.

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Small Dee Shackle

A shackle with moderate clearances, higher SWL than large dee.

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Shackle Material Grades

Shackles are forged from various grades of steel, impacting their strength.

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WLL in Shackles

Shackles are usually sized by their Working Load Limit (WLL) in current standards.

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Old vs New Shackle Standards

Old standards specified all dimensions; new ones specify only some.

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Rigging Screw

A tubular device with right and left-hand threads for connecting terminal fittings.

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Turnbuckle

An open body device with right and left-hand threads, also connecting terminal fittings.

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Terminal Fittings

Components such as screwed eyes, hooks, or forks used with rigging screws and turnbuckles.

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Inspection Hole

A drilled hole in rigging screws allowing for checking thread engagement.

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Right and Left-Hand Threads

Threads that screw in opposite directions to secure connections.

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Hexagon Head Bolt

A bolt with a hexagon-shaped head used for secure connections.

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Split Cotter Pin

A pin used to secure components in place to prevent unintentional loosening.

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Eyebolt Types

Main types include Eyebolt with link, Collared, and Dynamo eyebolts.

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Eyebolt with Link

An eyebolt designed for loading at an angle and allowing movement with a link attached.

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SWL Rating

Safe Working Load, the maximum load that equipment can safely handle.

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Collared Eyebolt

An eyebolt designed for both axial and angular loading with blended eye and collar.

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Load at an Angle

The direction in which a load is applied, significant for eyebolts with links.

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Articulation in Eyebolts

The ability of the eyebolt to adapt and align load directions through its link.

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SWL (Safe Working Load)

The maximum load that a shackle or eyebolt can safely lift.

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Dynamo Eyebolt

An eyebolt for axial lifting only, has a ring on top of the shank.

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Thread Sizes

Measurements of the diameter of eyebolts or shackles, indicated in mm or inches.

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Angular Loading

When a load is applied at an angle to the axis of an eyebolt, reducing SWL.

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Alignment in Eyebolts

When using eyebolts in pairs, they must not incline >5° from each other.

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Metric vs. Imperial Eyebolts

Different thread sizing and SWL ranges based on metric or imperial standards.

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Shims for Alignment

Thin pieces used to align eyebolts by adjusting their angles.

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Study Notes

Textile Slings

  • Textile slings can be made from man-made fibers (nylon, polyester, polypropylene) or natural fibers (Manila, sisal, hemp)
  • Specialist man-made fibers like HMPE (High Modulus Polyethylene) are used for specialized lifting slings
  • These fibers exhibit different reactions to temperature, chemicals, and the environment
  • Textile slings exist in various forms: flat woven webbing, round slings, and fiber rope slings

Types of Textile Slings

  • Flat Woven Webbing Slings: These are also known as belt slings, are used for versatile lifting, and are ideal for loads needing support. They spread the load, preventing point stress and potential damage to the loaded surface. Although more pliable than rope or chain slings, they are less robust and more susceptible to damage
  • Round Slings: These consist of a core (load-bearing) wrapped in a protective outer sleeve. They are soft, pliable, and easy to handle, suitable for delicate surfaces, yet less robust than other types like wire rope.
  • Fiber Rope Slings: These are traditional textile slings, although newer textile types are more common today. They're less pliable and bulkier than other textile slings. They require careful handling as they can cause point contact versus distributed load.

Shackles

  • Shackles are common lifting accessories used in various ways, to connect loads, slings, and appliances.
  • Three main types: bow, dee, and grab
  • Made from steel, with higher-quality alloys providing a higher working load limit.
  • Older standards fully specify all shackle dimensions, while newer standards primarily detail key dimensions, with others given as maximum or minimum values.
  • Based on diameter of material or Working Load Limit (WLL).

Pins

  • Shackle pins can be screwed or bolt, nut and cotter pin types (safety pins)
  • Screwed pins are versatile, but movement and vibration can cause loosening.
  • Bolt, nut and split cotter pins provide a more secure connection, useful for applications requiring a permanent connection.

Eyebolts

  • Eyebolts are widely used items in lifting, but misuse can lead to accidents.
  • Three common types: eyebolt with link, collared, and dynamo
  • Eyebolts with a link distribute load better, especially at an angle.
  • Collared eyebolts are suitable for both axial and angular loading.
  • Dynamo eyebolts are most basic, suitable only for direct vertical (axial) loads.

Rigging Screws and Turnbuckles

  • Rigging screws and turnbuckles are used for adjusting tension in lifting systems, whether in combination with other elements or by themselves.
  • Turnbuckles have a threaded body with terminal fittings (hook, forks, etc.)

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