Textile Fabrics: Plant and Animal Yarns

A synthetic fabric obtained from chemically transformed wood pulp, known for its durability, affordability, and ease of maintenance. It is widely used in the textile industry but shrinks in the wash.

A synthetic fabric often called Tencel, made from wood pulp. It is known for its softness and is a good alternative to silk at a lower cost.

A synthetic fabric also known as nylon, obtained from petroleum products. It is often used for underwear and sportswear due to its strength and suppleness. It can become electrically charged quickly.

A synthetic fabric obtained from petroleum products. It is available in various forms, from matte to glossy, and known for its lightness. It ages poorly compared to other synthetics.

The most widely produced synthetic fabric in the world, made from petroleum products. It is used for clothing, upholstery, and other applications. Available in different forms, from matt to gloss, it is very strong and durable.

A synthetic fabric present in most garments. It is barely visible in its spinning form and is known for its extensibility and elasticity. It can stretch up to 400 times its original size and return to its initial position. It conforms to the body's shape but cannot be dyed.

A natural fiber derived from the cotton flower, known for its softness, absorbency, and versatility. It is widely used in clothing, home furnishings, and other textile applications.

A natural fiber obtained from the flax plant, renowned for its strength, durability, and breathability. It is often used in high-quality linens, tablecloths, and clothing.

A natural fiber derived from the hemp plant, known for its strength, sustainability, and environmental friendliness. It is increasingly used in clothing, textiles, and construction materials.

A natural fiber obtained from the jute plant, known for its strength, affordability, and environmental friendliness. It is widely used in packaging, rope, and other industrial applications.

A process used to separate the fibers from the flax plant, which involves soaking the stalks in water to decompose the outer layers.

A natural fiber obtained from the cotton flower that is grown without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. It is considered more environmentally friendly than conventional cotton.

The process of growing cotton that requires a significant amount of water, often leading to environmental concerns.

The use of chemical products in cotton cultivation, which can have negative impacts on the environment and human health.

The process of making hemp textiles more comfortable to wear, often requiring specialized techniques or chemical treatments.

The use of jute fibers in making ropes and cloth for the food industry.

Wool is a natural fiber obtained from the fleece of sheep. Australia is the leading producer of wool, known for its quality and versatility.

Lambswool is a type of wool obtained from young lambs, known for its softness and fine texture.

Merino wool is a specific breed of sheep known for producing exceptionally fine, soft, and luxurious wool.

Cashmere is a luxurious fiber obtained from the undercoat of a specific breed of goat found in the high plateaus of Asia. It is renowned for its softness, warmth, and luxurious feel.

Angora wool is a fiber obtained from the coat of Angora rabbits known for its softness and silky feel.

Silk is a natural protein fiber obtained from the cocoons of silkworms. It is known for its luxurious feel, shine, and strength.

Leather is a durable and versatile material obtained from the tanned hides or skins of animals, primarily cows. It is known for its strength, durability, and natural beauty.

Wool's susceptibility to moths can be a concern. Wool items should be stored properly to prevent moth damage.

Cashmere's high demand and limited supply create a significant challenge in ensuring sustainable farming practices and animal welfare.

Angora wool production is controversial due to animal welfare concerns related to the shearing practices of Angora rabbits.

Silk production raises animal welfare questions due to the rearing practices of silkworms, especially regarding cocoon harvesting.

Leather's production involves various ethical and environmental issues, including intensive livestock farming, harmful tanning processes, and the use of toxic chemicals.

Wool's high flammability makes it crucial to handle it safely and with caution when using it for clothing and other items.

Cashmere is known for its high level of thermal insulation, making it ideal for clothing and other products designed for warmth.

Angora wool is highly breathable, making it comfortable to wear even in warmer temperatures.

Weave with the smallest weave ratio. It's the oldest, most widely used, most demanding, and strongest weave. It has neither a front nor a back.

A structure with prominent ribs separated by optical furrows. The front and back of the fabric are clearly distinguishable. It offers a good compromise between satin and canvas, known for its resistance and durability.

The most supple and shiny weave. It has a coated armor surface due to floats every 5 warp effects. It offers excellent fall and a smooth surface, but it tends to wear more quickly and tear easier.

The art of looping one or more threads to form stitches that are interwoven in a well-defined sequence called binding.

The number of needles per inch of needle bed. It characterizes the distance between two needles and defines the size of the stitches. A higher gauge indicates a finer knitted fabric, while a lower gauge leads to a thicker fabric.

A type of knitting machine with a carriage that moves several yarn guides to feed the needles. It is designed for producing rectangular or shaped panels, trimmings, and similar items.

Structured fabrics are woven on machines equipped with a specific order system using a dobby, a mechanical or electronic device. They feature the same structure across the entire width of the fabric. There are three basic structures – canvas, twill, and satin.

Jacquard fabrics are woven on machines with an order system using a dobby. However, they come from a sketch or drawing, allowing for limitless designs. The process involves drawing, laying out the design, assigning colors, and assembling them.

A perpendicular crossing of two sets of yarns. The foundation of many fabrics, it determines the overall fabric structure and appearance.

Finishing techniques that enhance the quality and resistance of fabrics. These techniques can include processes like ungluing, white dyeing, and adding specific finishing touches.