Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of insulin in the regulation of blood glucose?

  • To increase blood glucose levels
  • To decrease blood glucose levels (correct)
  • To regulate lipid metabolism
  • To regulate kidney function

    • Which of the following is a risk factor for atherosclerosis?

  • Elevated LDL cholesterol (correct)
  • Increased HDL cholesterol
  • Decreased triglycerides
  • Increased creatinine levels

    • In which year was the First Edition of the Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students published?

  • 1990
  • 1998
  • 1992
  • 1995 (correct)

    • Who is the person to whom the book is dedicated?

    <p>Mata Amritanandamayi Devi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the liver in relation to glucose metabolism?

    <p>To store glucose as glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a marker of glomerular permeability?

    <p>Albuminuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ISBN number of the Seventh Edition of the Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students?

    <p>978-93-5090-530-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which countries is the book popular apart from India?

    <p>Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Africa, and Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of albumin in the plasma?

    <p>To maintain oncotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Chronic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of editions of the Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the year of publication of the Seventh Edition of the Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students?

    <p>2013</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucagon?

    <p>To increase blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a plasma protein involved in blood clotting?

    <p>Fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who has accepted the book as one of the standard textbooks?

    <p>Medical Council of India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the language of the edition with wide circulation in Central and South America?

    <p>Spanish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Professor of Physiological chemistry at Strausbourge University, France?

    <p>Felix Hoppe-Seyler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the root of the word 'doctor'?

    <p>Latin root 'docere'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the human body is composed of 6 elements?

    <p>More than 99%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the force that causes nonpolar molecules to aggregate together?

    <p>Hydrophobic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the project that has made a great impact on medicine and related health sciences?

    <p>Human Genome Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does ice float on water?

    <p>Because liquid water is denser than solid ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the father of modern medicine?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe molecules that can easily form hydrogen bonds with water?

    <p>Hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the year 1877 in the context of biochemistry?

    <p>The year the 'Textbook of Physiological Chemistry' was published</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the hydrogen bonds between water molecules as the temperature approaches 100°C?

    <p>They become weaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the weak forces of attraction between all atoms?

    <p>Van Der Waals Forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the profession of Sushrutha?

    <p>Surgeon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the use of computers in drug designing?

    <p>Bioinformatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the movement of water molecules at high temperatures?

    <p>The formation of a gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred medium for all cellular reactions and interactions?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the interaction between nonpolar molecules and water?

    <p>Hydrophobic interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

    <p>To generate energy for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimum pH for lysosomal enzymes?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

    <p>To contain the enzymes of electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fluid matrix of mitochondria?

    <p>To contain the enzymes of citric acid cycle, urea cycle, and heme synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of lysosomal membrane disruption?

    <p>Tissue damage due to hydrolysis of external substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cytochrome P-450 system present in mitochondrial inner membrane?

    <p>To involve in steroidogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of enzymes are alpha-glucosidase, alpha-fucosidase, and beta-galactosidase?

    <p>Polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

    <p>Folds or cristae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students

    • Seventh edition published in 2013 with ISBN 978-93-5090-530-2

    Dedication

    • Dedicated to Sri Mata Amritanandamayi Devi with a quote about setting an example for fellow beings to dispel darkness and bring peace and non-violence

    Preface to the Seventh Edition

    • The book has been well-received in the medical community in India and neighboring countries, with a Spanish edition popular in Central and South America
    • The Medical Council of India has accepted it as a standard textbook

    Contents

    • Regulation of Blood Glucose; Insulin and Diabetes Mellitus
    • Hyperlipidemias and Cardiovascular Diseases
    • Liver and Gastric Function Tests
    • Kidney Function Tests
    • Plasma Proteins

    History of Biochemistry

    • "Textbook of Physiological Chemistry" was published in 1877 by Felix Hoppe-Seyler
    • Milestones in the development of biochemistry are given in Table 1.1

    Practice of Medicine

    • The practice of medicine is both an art and a science
    • The word "doctor" is derived from the Latin root "docere", meaning "to teach"
    • Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, articulated "the Oath"
    • Sushrutha, an Indian surgeon, enunciated a code of conduct for medical practitioners

    Biomolecules

    • More than 99% of the human body is composed of 6 elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus
    • Hydrophobic molecules or nonpolar portions of molecules aggregate together due to the hydrophobic bond
    • Water molecules are in rapid motion, constantly making and breaking hydrogen bonds with adjacent molecules
    • The unique properties of water make it the most preferred medium for all cellular reactions and interactions

    Biochemical Perspective to Medicine

    • Water is a polar molecule that can easily form hydrogen bonds with other molecules
    • Molecules with polar bonds can dissolve in water and are termed "hydrophilic"
    • Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, where energy released from oxidation of food stuffs is trapped as chemical energy in the form of ATP

    Lysosomes and Mitochondria

    • Lysosomal enzymes have an optimum pH around 5 and include polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes, protein hydrolyzing enzymes, and nucleic acid hydrolyzing enzymes
    • Mitochondria have two membranes, with the inner membrane convoluted into folds or cristae
    • The inner mitochondrial membrane contains the enzymes of electron transport chain, citric acid cycle, urea cycle, and heme synthesis
    • Cytochrome P-450 system present in mitochondrial inner membrane is involved in steroidogenesis

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