Biochemistry for Medical Students 2024-2025
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of glycolysis in muscle cells during exercise?

  • Storage of glucose as glycogen
  • Breakdown of lipids for energy
  • Production of energy in the absence of oxygen (correct)
  • Conversion of glucose to ribose

What happens to galactose and fructose once absorbed into the liver?

  • They are converted to glucose. (correct)
  • They get excreted without alteration.
  • They are converted directly into ribose.
  • They are stored as fats immediately.

Which enzyme is responsible for the final digestion of maltose?

  • Galactase
  • Sucrase
  • Amylase
  • Maltase (correct)

Where does the Krebs cycle primarily occur in the cell?

<p>Inside the mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metabolic processes utilizes NADPH?

<p>Formation of glucuronic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in metabolism?

<p>Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coenzyme is necessary for the function of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

<p>Lipoic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one anabolic function of the citric acid cycle?

<p>Synthesis of heme from succinyl CoA and glycine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of insulin on blood glucose levels?

<p>It decreases blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes hemolysis in patients with Favism?

<p>Deficiency in glucose-6-P dehydrogenase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Carbohydrate Digestion

The breakdown of carbohydrates into simpler sugars for absorption.

Glycolysis

The anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP in the cytoplasm.

Glucose Oxidation Pathways

The series of reactions that completely break down glucose to carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy, major pathways include glycolysis and Krebs cycle.

Krebs Cycle

A key metabolic pathway that takes place in the mitochondria and fuels the production of energy from glucose.

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Fate of Absorbed Sugars

The various metabolic processes (utilization, storage, or conversion) that absorbed sugars undergo in the body.

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Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate

The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, releasing carbon dioxide, and generating NADH.

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Citric Acid Cycle (CAC)

A metabolic pathway that completely oxidizes acetyl CoA, generating ATP and several intermediate molecules crucial for biosynthesis.

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Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMP shunt)

A metabolic pathway in cytoplasm that produces pentoses (needed for DNA/RNA) and NADPH (involved in fatty acid & cholesterol synthesis).

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Blood glucose regulation

The processes that maintain blood glucose levels within a normal range (70 to 110 mg/dL).

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Diabetes Mellitus Types

A group of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin action or production; Type I vs. Type II.

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Study Notes

Biochemistry for Nursery Students

  • This document is a biochemistry textbook for medical students, covering topics for the 2024-2025 academic year.
  • The book covers various metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate, lipid, protein, vitamin, and mineral metabolism, body fluid, and enzymes.
  • Topics listed with corresponding page numbers are:
    • Carbohydrate metabolism (page 3)
    • Lipid metabolism (page 19)
    • Protein metabolism (page 29)
    • Vitamin (page 41)
    • Mineral metabolism (page 51)
    • Body fluid (page 58)
    • Enzymes (page 65)

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Description

This quiz covers essential biochemistry topics for medical students, focusing on metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate, lipid, protein, vitamin, and mineral metabolism. It also includes body fluid dynamics and enzyme functions, providing a comprehensive overview relevant for the academic year 2024-2025.

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