80 Questions
What are the seven standards of textuality according to De Beaugrande and Dressler?
cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality, and intertextuality.
What happens to a text if any of the seven standards of textuality are not met?
It will not be communicative.
How is text defined linguistically?
As a communicative occurrence that meets the seven standards of textuality.
What is the definition of text in terms of its structure?
A sequence of sentences forming a cohesive whole.
What is the debate surrounding text typology in language studies?
Whether it is possible to classify texts and whether such a classification is useful.
When did the notion of text type emerge?
As far back as Aristotelian times.
What is the first issue surrounding the notion of text-type function?
The absence of agreement on how to interpret the notion of text-type function itself.
What are the four functions of text type according to Aristotle?
narration, description, exposition, and argumentation.
How many functions of text type did Werlich add to Aristotle’s list?
One (instruction).
What is the term used for non-communicative texts?
Non-texts.
What are the seven text types suggested by Beaugrande and Dressler?
narrative, argumentative, descriptive, scientific, didactic, poetic and literary.
How many main functions of text does Reiss define?
Three.
What are the three main functions of text defined by Reiss?
informative, expressive and operative.
What are narrative texts characterised by?
temporal sequencing of events, dynamic verbs, usually past tense and introduction of characters who perform actions.
What is the focus of descriptive texts?
describing a character, a place, an event, an object or an action.
What is the style of descriptive texts?
detailed, personal and subjective, it uses figures of speech, stative verbs, typically in present tense, presentative there, adjectives or noun phrases.
What is the focus of expository texts?
analysis or synthesis of a given topic or subject.
What is the style of expository texts?
detached and informative.
What is the main purpose of argumentative texts?
to convince.
Do all texts belong to only one text type?
No, most texts have characteristics of one text type and some shorter fragments which belong to other types. Overlaps of different text types are frequent.
Text is a communicative occurrence which meets seven standards of textuality, that is: cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality and ______.
intertextuality
Again, non-communicative texts are treated as ______.
non-texts
There has been a long debate within the field of language studies about whether it is possible to classify texts and whether such a classification is ______.
useful
The notion of text type emerged as far back as ______ times.
Aristotelian
To Werlich, the functions are five, as he added ‘______’ to Aristotle’s list.
instruction
The first issue derives from the absence of agreement on how to interpret the notion of text-type ______ itself.
function
The Aristotelian narration, description, exposition and argumentation are still frequently employed, especially in ______ practices.
teaching
However, to Werlich, the functions are five, as he added ‘instruction’ to ______ list.
Aristotle’s
The first issue derives from the absence of agreement on how to interpret the notion of ______ type function itself.
text
The notion of text type emerged as far back as Aristotelian times but it is still surrounded by considerable ______ confusion.
conceptual
Narrative texts ______ or narrate a story
tell
Descriptive texts focus on ______ a character, a place, an event, an object or an action
describing
Expository texts focus on the ______ or the synthesis of a given topic or subject
analysis
Argumentative texts contain the claims, thoughts, and biases of the author who provides reasons and evidence to ______ these claims
prove
The list of text types suggested by Beaugrande and Dressler included narrative, argumentative, descriptive, scientific, didactic, poetic and ______
literary
Reiss defined three main functions of text: informative, ______ and operative
expressive
All texts have characteristics of one text type, and some shorter fragments which belong to ______ types
other
However, a dominant text type is usually ______
recognisable
The style of descriptive texts is detailed, personal and subjective, it uses figures of speech, stative verbs, typically in present tense, presentative there, adjectives or ______ phrases
noun
In most cases the text cannot be identified as an example of just one text type as overlaps of different text types ______
are frequent
Beaugrande and Dressler's list of text types includes only four Aristotelian types.
False
Reiss suggests that there are only two main functions of text.
False
Narrative texts are characterized by the use of present tense and static verbs.
False
Descriptive texts focus solely on describing a character.
False
Expository texts may include the writer's opinions and emotions.
False
The main purpose of descriptive texts is to convince.
False
All texts can be identified as an example of just one text type.
False
Argumentative texts rarely contain the claims, thoughts, and biases of the author.
False
Pure narration, description, exposition, and argumentation frequently occur in texts.
False
Werlich added 'instruction' to Reiss' list of main text functions.
True
Text typology refers to the classification of texts based on their communicative purpose.
True
All texts that do not meet the seven standards of textuality are treated as non-texts.
True
The notion of text type was first introduced in modern times by linguists De Beaugrande and Dressler.
False
There is a consensus among language studies scholars on how to interpret the notion of text-type function.
False
Exposition is one of the four functions of text type according to Aristotle.
True
The five functions of text type according to Werlich are narration, description, exposition, argumentation, and instruction.
True
Descriptive texts focus on analyzing a given topic or subject.
False
Argumentative texts aim to persuade the reader by providing reasons and evidence to support the author's claims.
True
All texts have characteristics of multiple text types.
True
Reiss defined informative, expressive, and operative as the three main functions of text.
True
What are the three main functions of text according to Reiss?
Informative, expressive, operative
What is the linguistic characteristic of narrative texts?
Temporal sequencing of events
What is the focus of descriptive texts?
Describing a character, place, event, object or action
What is the style of expository texts?
Detached and informative
What is the main purpose of argumentative texts?
To convince the reader
What is the term used for the dominant text type in a given text?
Dominant text type
What are the seven standards of textuality according to De Beaugrande and Dressler?
Cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality and intertextuality
What is the term used for texts that do not meet the seven standards of textuality?
Non-texts
What are the four most used text types in teaching practice?
Narrative, argumentative, expository, descriptive
What is the term used for the introduction of characters who perform actions in narrative texts?
Introduction of characters
What is the main characteristic of a communicative text according to De Beaugrande and Dressler?
Intentionality
What is the main reason for the conceptual confusion surrounding the notion of text type?
Different interpretations of text-type function
What is the difference between a communicative text and a non-text?
Satisfaction of all seven standards of textuality
What is the main function of descriptive texts?
Describing a character, a place, an event, an object or an action
What are the four functions of text type according to Aristotle?
Narration, description, exposition, argumentation
What is the main difference between text and non-text according to the text?
Satisfaction of seven standards of textuality
What is the main reason for the long-standing debate on text typology in language studies?
Difficulty in classifying texts and determining their usefulness
What is the main difference between a communicative text and a non-communicative text?
Satisfaction of seven standards of textuality
What is the main function of expository texts?
Presenting information and ideas in a logical and organized way
What is the main reason for the absence of agreement on how to interpret the notion of text-type function?
Different opinions on the interpretation of text-type function
Test your knowledge on text typology by taking this quiz! Explore the various aspects of textuality, including cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality, and intertextuality. See how well you understand the different points of view that define text and its communicative occurrences.
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