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Questions and Answers
What is the main cause of acute cyanosis and hypoxia in infants with Tetralogy of Fallot?
What is the main cause of acute cyanosis and hypoxia in infants with Tetralogy of Fallot?
- Hypertrophy of the right ventricle
- Ventricular septal defect (correct)
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Overriding aorta
Why do hypercyanotic spells, or 'tet spells', occur in infants with Tetralogy of Fallot?
Why do hypercyanotic spells, or 'tet spells', occur in infants with Tetralogy of Fallot?
- During crying or after feeding (correct)
- During sleeping
- After exercising
- When walking
What is the purpose of squatting in children with Tetralogy of Fallot?
What is the purpose of squatting in children with Tetralogy of Fallot?
- To increase systemic resistance
- To decrease pulmonary blood flow
- To increase pulmonary blood flow and relieve symptoms (correct)
- To worsen dyspnea and cyanosis
What is the definitive surgical intervention for Tetralogy of Fallot usually performed during the first year of life?
What is the definitive surgical intervention for Tetralogy of Fallot usually performed during the first year of life?
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Which characteristic is often observed in children with increasing cyanosis due to Tetralogy of Fallot?
Which characteristic is often observed in children with increasing cyanosis due to Tetralogy of Fallot?
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Study Notes
Tetralogy of Fallot
- Acute cyanosis and hypoxia: Caused by infundibular spasm, which increases right-to-left shunting through the ventricular septal defect, reducing pulmonary blood flow and increasing cyanosis.
Hypercyanotic Spells ('Tet Spells')
- Triggers: Infundibular spasm, dehydration, fever, or crying, which increase right-to-left shunting, reducing pulmonary blood flow and increasing cyanosis.
- Symptoms: Sudden onset of deep blue discoloration, irritability, and increased respiratory rate.
Squatting in Children with Tetralogy of Fallot
- Purpose: To increase systemic vascular resistance, which reduces right-to-left shunting and increases pulmonary blood flow, thereby decreasing cyanosis.
Definitive Surgical Intervention
- Timing: Usually performed during the first year of life.
- Procedure: Total correction of Tetralogy of Fallot, which involves closing the ventricular septal defect and relieving right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Characteristics of Increasing Cyanosis
- Clubbing: Often observed in children with increasing cyanosis due to Tetralogy of Fallot, as a result of chronic hypoxia.
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