Tetanus Pathogenesis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main mechanism by which the tetanus toxin leads to muscle contraction and spasm?

  • Interference with neurotransmitter release (correct)
  • Enhancement of neurotransmitter release
  • Direct muscle stimulation
  • Neuromuscular junction blockage

Which form of tetanus is the most common among the four clinical forms mentioned?

  • Generalized tetanus (correct)
  • Cephalic tetanus
  • Local tetanus
  • Neonatal tetanus

In neonatal tetanus, when do symptoms usually start to appear?

  • 1 month after birth
  • At birth
  • 4-14 days after birth (correct)
  • 21 days after birth

What is the relationship between the incubation period and the distance of the injury site from the central nervous system?

<p>Inverse relationship (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of localized tetanus is associated with wounds to the head or face or chronic otitis media?

<p>Cephalic tetanus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cephalic tetanus from other forms of localized tetanus?

<p>Involvement of cranial nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the high fatality rate in neonatal tetanus?

<p>The absence of proper treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common complication of tetanus?

<p>Ulcerative colitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission of tetanus?

<p>Contaminated wounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common occurrence in patients with tetanus?

<p>Transmission through contact with infected individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common problem in patients with tetanus, especially in drug users and elderly patients?

<p>Pulmonary embolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is typically affected first in generalized tetanus?

<p>Masseter muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common late complication of tetanus?

<p>Aspiration pneumonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the grimace through clenched teeth and closed mouth with wrinkled forehead and raised eyebrows in tetanus patients?

<p>Risus sardonicus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What internal stimulus can trigger tetanospasms in patients with generalized tetanus?

<p>A distended bowel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the autonomic nervous system abnormalities associated with generalized tetanus?

<p>Elevated temperature, sweating, and episodic rapid heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of neonatal tetanus?

<p>Infection of the unhealed umbilical stump (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the initial symptoms of neonatal tetanus?

<p>Generalized weakness and poor sucking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tetanus toxin is responsible for the biological activity?

<p>A domain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the tetanus toxin enter the cytoplasm of the neuron?

<p>Through the interaction of the B domain with ganglioside at neuromuscular junctions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein component of synaptic vesicles is cleaved by the tetanus toxin?

<p>Synaptobrevin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the disinhibition of spinal cord reflex arcs caused by the tetanus toxin?

<p>Multiple, intense muscle spasms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the tetanus toxin on the presynaptic acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction?

<p>Decreased release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the tetanus toxin transported within the neuron?

<p>Retrograde manner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of tetanus cases in developed countries occur in patients over the age of 60?

<p>70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common portal of entry for tetanus infections?

<p>Insect bites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key indicator that waning immunity is an important risk factor for tetanus?

<p>The majority of tetanus cases occur in patients over the age of 60 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential source of tetanus infection?

<p>Food poisoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of tetanus cases have acute wounds as the portal of entry?

<p>80% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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