Tetanus Pathogenesis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main mechanism by which the tetanus toxin leads to muscle contraction and spasm?

  • Interference with neurotransmitter release (correct)
  • Enhancement of neurotransmitter release
  • Direct muscle stimulation
  • Neuromuscular junction blockage
  • Which form of tetanus is the most common among the four clinical forms mentioned?

  • Generalized tetanus (correct)
  • Cephalic tetanus
  • Local tetanus
  • Neonatal tetanus
  • In neonatal tetanus, when do symptoms usually start to appear?

  • 1 month after birth
  • At birth
  • 4-14 days after birth (correct)
  • 21 days after birth
  • What is the relationship between the incubation period and the distance of the injury site from the central nervous system?

    <p>Inverse relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of localized tetanus is associated with wounds to the head or face or chronic otitis media?

    <p>Cephalic tetanus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cephalic tetanus from other forms of localized tetanus?

    <p>Involvement of cranial nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the high fatality rate in neonatal tetanus?

    <p>The absence of proper treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common complication of tetanus?

    <p>Ulcerative colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission of tetanus?

    <p>Contaminated wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common occurrence in patients with tetanus?

    <p>Transmission through contact with infected individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common problem in patients with tetanus, especially in drug users and elderly patients?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is typically affected first in generalized tetanus?

    <p>Masseter muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common late complication of tetanus?

    <p>Aspiration pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the grimace through clenched teeth and closed mouth with wrinkled forehead and raised eyebrows in tetanus patients?

    <p>Risus sardonicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What internal stimulus can trigger tetanospasms in patients with generalized tetanus?

    <p>A distended bowel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the autonomic nervous system abnormalities associated with generalized tetanus?

    <p>Elevated temperature, sweating, and episodic rapid heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of neonatal tetanus?

    <p>Infection of the unhealed umbilical stump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the initial symptoms of neonatal tetanus?

    <p>Generalized weakness and poor sucking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the tetanus toxin is responsible for the biological activity?

    <p>A domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the tetanus toxin enter the cytoplasm of the neuron?

    <p>Through the interaction of the B domain with ganglioside at neuromuscular junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein component of synaptic vesicles is cleaved by the tetanus toxin?

    <p>Synaptobrevin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the disinhibition of spinal cord reflex arcs caused by the tetanus toxin?

    <p>Multiple, intense muscle spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the tetanus toxin on the presynaptic acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>Decreased release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the tetanus toxin transported within the neuron?

    <p>Retrograde manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of tetanus cases in developed countries occur in patients over the age of 60?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common portal of entry for tetanus infections?

    <p>Insect bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key indicator that waning immunity is an important risk factor for tetanus?

    <p>The majority of tetanus cases occur in patients over the age of 60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential source of tetanus infection?

    <p>Food poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of tetanus cases have acute wounds as the portal of entry?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

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