Testing Psychological Theories with Empirical Research
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Questions and Answers

Why is psychology considered a science?

  • Because it deals with the empirical study of the mind and behavior (correct)
  • Because it does not require methodology and statistics
  • Because it focuses on untestable explanations of the world
  • Because it relies on myths, fables, and intuitive ideas about people
  • What is the primary purpose of methodology in psychological research?

  • To rely solely on intuitive ideas about human behavior
  • To establish myths and fables about people
  • To guide the process of conducting research (correct)
  • To avoid using empirical evidence in research
  • According to Hugh Coolican, what does science enable us to do?

  • Obtain rational explanations of how things work in the world (correct)
  • Avoid getting closer to truths and further from myths
  • Relies on myths and fables for understanding the world
  • Reject empirical evidence in favor of intuitive ideas
  • What distinguishes psychology as an empirical science?

    <p>It involves gathering and analyzing empirical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to read the syllabus for every class, according to the text?

    <p>It provides valuable information about the course content and expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does science aim to achieve in terms of understanding reality?

    <p>Acquiring knowledge about the world through testable explanations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precise statement of assumed relationship between variables in a research study?

    <p>Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Popper (1959), what characteristic must theories possess?

    <p>Falsifiability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the phenomenon or construct assumed to exist and used to explain observed effects, but as yet unconfirmed?

    <p>Hypothetical construct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is depression operationally defined in a clinical study?

    <p>By a score above a threshold on the BDI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a precise statement about how variables should be related in the analysis of data if a hypothesis is to be supported?

    <p>Research prediction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In psychology, what term is used for an explanation of a concept solely in terms of the observable procedures used to produce and measure it?

    <p>Operational definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for investigating phenomena without preconceptions, as described by Francis Bacon?

    <p>'Empirical observation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Non-directional' and 'directional' are types of what in research studies?

    <p>'Hypotheses'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Findings' and 'Conclusions' are associated with which stage of the scientific method?

    <p>'Explanation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the language used by researchers to describe their beliefs about how the world works or why a particular phenomenon occurs?

    <p>'Theories'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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