Testing for Significant Differences Between Two Groups
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of measures of variability?

  • To depict the typical difference between values in a data set (correct)
  • To determine the median value in a data set
  • To identify the most frequent value in a data set
  • To calculate the arithmetic mean of a data set

Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability discussed in the text?

  • Frequency distribution
  • Standard deviation
  • Range
  • Interquartile range (correct)

What does a frequency distribution represent?

  • The spread of values around the mean in a data set
  • The difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set
  • The sum of all values in a data set
  • The tabulation of how often each value appears in a data set (correct)

Which measure of variability identifies the distance between the minimum and maximum values in a data set?

<p>Range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of market segmentation?

<p>To discover meaningful and actionable differences between consumer groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a requirement for differences to be used in market segmentation?

<p>Profitable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key criterion for differences to be useful for marketing decisions?

<p>Differences must be actionable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a t-test be used for statistical inference?

<p>When the sample size is less than or equal to 30 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the null hypothesis when testing for differences between two groups?

<p>The hypothesis that the difference in the population parameters is equal to zero (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative hypothesis when testing for significant differences between two percentages?

<p>There is a true difference between the population parameters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when results are significant in a statistical test?

<p>The null hypothesis can be rejected (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are independent samples treated as representing two potentially different populations?

<p>When testing for differences between two groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a low degree of association indicate?

<p>A low probability of a dependable relationship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information does the correlation coefficient convey?

<p>Both the strength and direction of the linear relationship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is covariation defined?

<p>The amount of change in one variable systematically associated with changes in another variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is communicated by the absolute size of the correlation coefficient?

<p>The strength of the linear relationship between variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In regression analysis, what does 'bivariate regression' refer to?

<p>Regression with only two variables being analyzed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must the correlation coefficient be tested for statistical significance?

<p>To determine if the observed correlation is due to chance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ANOVA stand for?

<p>Analysis of Variance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using ANOVA over multiple t-tests?

<p>ANOVA immediately notifies the researcher if there is any significant difference. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a statistically significant p-value indicate in ANOVA?

<p>The treatments have an effect on the outcome measure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'levels' refer to in the context of associative analyses?

<p>The characteristics of description for interval or ratio scales. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a causal linkage and a statistical linkage?

<p>A causal linkage implies certainty, while a statistical linkage does not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of associative analyses?

<p>To determine where stable relationships exist between two variables. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a linear relationship between two variables indicate?

<p>The variables have a 'straight-line' association (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for a straight line representing a linear relationship between two variables?

<p>y = a + bx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a monotonic relationship between two variables indicate?

<p>The general direction of the relationship between the variables is known (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a non-monotonic relationship between two variables indicate?

<p>The variables are associated, but only in a very general sense (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a strong association between two variables indicate?

<p>There is a high probability that the two variables will exhibit a dependable relationship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a curvilinear relationship between two variables indicate?

<p>Some smooth pattern describes the relationship between the variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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