Questions and Answers
What type of test is used to compare observed and expected frequencies for a single categorical variable?
Goodness of Fit Test
Which test is used to assess whether a new drug improves patients' symptoms when the data is paired?
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
What type of test is used to compare the median of two independent groups when the data is not normally distributed?
Mann-Whitney U test
Which test is used to measure the association between ordinal or continuous variables?
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When is it appropriate to use a non-parametric test?
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What is the purpose of a parametric test?
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Which characteristic of a test makes it suitable for comparing the median of two independent groups when the data is not normally distributed?
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What is the primary reason why a non-parametric test is used instead of a parametric test?
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Which type of test is used to compare the average test scores among three teaching methods?
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What is the purpose of a goodness of fit test?
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Which test is used to measure the association between two continuous variables?
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What is the characteristic of a parametric test?
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Which test is used to compare the median income across different job sectors?
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What is the primary advantage of using a non-parametric test?
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Which test is used to compare the exam scores of two groups, treatment and control, without assuming normality?
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Study Notes
Parametric Tests
- Assume specific distributions (usually normal) for data
- Examples: Pearson Correlation, Linear Regression, Paired-samples T test, Independent Samples T test
Nonparametric Tests
- Don't assume specific distributions (like the normal distribution) for data
- Also known as distribution-free tests
- Used when:
- Data isn't normally distributed
- Data is ordinal or categorical
- Assumptions for parametric tests aren't met
- Examples: Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman Correlation, Friedman's ANOVA, Jonchheeree-tespstra, Fisher exact test, Point biserial correlation
Goodness of Fit Test
- Compares observed and expected frequencies for a single categorical variable
- Example: A shop owner claims that an equal number of customers visit his shop each weekday, and records the weekly customer count
- Uses Chi-squared test
Test Independence
- Tests if two categorical variables are related
- Examples: Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman Correlation
Comparing Samples
- Nonparametric tests can be used to compare differences between two independent samples when data isn't normally distributed
- Examples: Compare exam scores of two groups (e.g., treatment vs. control) without assuming normality, compare median income across different job sectors
Measuring Association
- Nonparametric tests can be used to measure association between ordinal or continuous variables
- Examples: Spearman Correlation, Point biserial correlation
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