Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of test is used to compare observed and expected frequencies for a single categorical variable?
What type of test is used to compare observed and expected frequencies for a single categorical variable?
- Goodness of Fit Test (correct)
- Spearman Correlation
- Mann-Whitney U test
- Paired-samples T test
Which test is used to assess whether a new drug improves patients' symptoms when the data is paired?
Which test is used to assess whether a new drug improves patients' symptoms when the data is paired?
- Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (correct)
- Point Biserial Correlation
- Fisher's Exact Test
- Kruskal-Wallis Test
What type of test is used to compare the median of two independent groups when the data is not normally distributed?
What type of test is used to compare the median of two independent groups when the data is not normally distributed?
- Independent Samples T test
- Friedman's ANOVA
- Pearson Correlation
- Mann-Whitney U test (correct)
Which test is used to measure the association between ordinal or continuous variables?
Which test is used to measure the association between ordinal or continuous variables?
When is it appropriate to use a non-parametric test?
When is it appropriate to use a non-parametric test?
What is the purpose of a parametric test?
What is the purpose of a parametric test?
Which characteristic of a test makes it suitable for comparing the median of two independent groups when the data is not normally distributed?
Which characteristic of a test makes it suitable for comparing the median of two independent groups when the data is not normally distributed?
What is the primary reason why a non-parametric test is used instead of a parametric test?
What is the primary reason why a non-parametric test is used instead of a parametric test?
Which type of test is used to compare the average test scores among three teaching methods?
Which type of test is used to compare the average test scores among three teaching methods?
What is the purpose of a goodness of fit test?
What is the purpose of a goodness of fit test?
Which test is used to measure the association between two continuous variables?
Which test is used to measure the association between two continuous variables?
What is the characteristic of a parametric test?
What is the characteristic of a parametric test?
Which test is used to compare the median income across different job sectors?
Which test is used to compare the median income across different job sectors?
What is the primary advantage of using a non-parametric test?
What is the primary advantage of using a non-parametric test?
Which test is used to compare the exam scores of two groups, treatment and control, without assuming normality?
Which test is used to compare the exam scores of two groups, treatment and control, without assuming normality?
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Study Notes
Parametric Tests
- Assume specific distributions (usually normal) for data
- Examples: Pearson Correlation, Linear Regression, Paired-samples T test, Independent Samples T test
Nonparametric Tests
- Don't assume specific distributions (like the normal distribution) for data
- Also known as distribution-free tests
- Used when:
- Data isn't normally distributed
- Data is ordinal or categorical
- Assumptions for parametric tests aren't met
- Examples: Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman Correlation, Friedman's ANOVA, Jonchheeree-tespstra, Fisher exact test, Point biserial correlation
Goodness of Fit Test
- Compares observed and expected frequencies for a single categorical variable
- Example: A shop owner claims that an equal number of customers visit his shop each weekday, and records the weekly customer count
- Uses Chi-squared test
Test Independence
- Tests if two categorical variables are related
- Examples: Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman Correlation
Comparing Samples
- Nonparametric tests can be used to compare differences between two independent samples when data isn't normally distributed
- Examples: Compare exam scores of two groups (e.g., treatment vs. control) without assuming normality, compare median income across different job sectors
Measuring Association
- Nonparametric tests can be used to measure association between ordinal or continuous variables
- Examples: Spearman Correlation, Point biserial correlation
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