Hepatitis Viruses: HCV and HDV

What type of virus is Hepatitis C?

Double-strand DNA virus
Single-strand RNA virus (correct)
Single-strand DNA virus
Double-strand RNA virus

How is Hepatitis D primarily transmitted?

Require a coexisting HBV infection to be activated
Airborne transmission
Blood or blood products, IV drug use, or sexual contact (correct)
Fecally contaminated water

What is a common symptom of Hepatitis E in pregnant women?

Mild symptoms
Only joint pain
Severe symptoms (correct)
No symptoms at all

What is an assessment finding in Hepatitis patients?

Brown colored urine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory study reveals elevated levels in Hepatitis patients?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of jaundice in Hepatitis patients?

Decreased excretion of bilirubin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone may be offered to children who do not respond to growth hormone stimulation?

Insulin-like growth factor I (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for acromegaly?

Surgery to remove the tumor (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to assign duties and responsibilities to children according to their chronologic age?

To improve their self-esteem and feelings of maturity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty?

Acromegaly (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do children who do not respond to growth hormone stimulation need additional support?

To help them accept their ultimate height (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why has growth hormone been used irresponsibly by athletes?

To improve muscle growth and overall stamina (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for weight loss in this condition?

Loss of fluid (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering vasopressin in diagnosing this condition?

To assess the kidney's ability to concentrate fluid (D) Signup and view all the answers

If the urine output decreases after administering vasopressin, what does it indicate?

The fault is with the pituitary (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment of choice if a tumor is present?

Surgery (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration for desmopressin in emergency situations?

Intravenously (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why may intranasal administration of desmopressin not be effective?

The child has a URTI and swollen mucous membranes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why affected infants with Salt-Losing Form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia experience extreme dehydration?

Lack of aldosterone production leading to inability to retain fluid (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to detect the Salt-Losing Form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in infants early on?

To prevent irreversible salt depletion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of weighing newborns at birth and at 24 hours?

To detect the Salt-Losing Form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering DOCA to infants with Salt-Losing Form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

To maintain a balance of fluid and electrolytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why may boys with Salt-Losing Form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia be misdiagnosed?

Due to symptoms similar to infection (A) Signup and view all the answers

What may be the first sign of Salt-Losing Form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in boys?

Inability to gain back their birth weight (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of random plasma glucose level in mg/dl?

90 to 180 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum fasting blood glucose level required to establish a diagnosis of diabetes?

126 mg/dl (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (GTT)?

To measure the body's ability to regulate blood glucose levels (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why should blood not be taken from functioning IV tubing for glucose analysis?

Because the IV solution may contain glucose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream to finger stick or venipuncture sites?

To reduce pain in patients (A) Signup and view all the answers

How long must a person fast before undergoing a GTT?

8 hours (B) Signup and view all the answers