12 Questions
Which type of immunity results from receiving antibodies from another source?
Passive immunity
Which of the following is NOT a route through which pathogens can enter and leave the body?
Lymphatic system
What is the term for a microorganism's ability to overcome the body's normal defenses and cause disease?
Invasiveness
Which enzymes are used by bacteria to invade host tissues?
Hyaluronidase and kinase
What is the term for the period of time between infection and the appearance of symptoms?
Incubation period
Which type of immunity results from exposure to a pathogen and the subsequent development of antibodies?
Active immunity
Which cells are involved in the second line of defense in the host defense system?
Neutrophils
Which type of antibody is most abundant in the blood and is involved in secondary immune responses?
IgG
What is the term for the burst of metabolic activity within phagocytes during phagocytosis?
Oxidative burst
Which of the following is NOT a stage of inflammation?
Fever
Which of the following is an example of artificial active immunity?
Receiving a vaccine
Which type of leukocyte is involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections?
Eosinophils
Study Notes
Infection and Bacterial Invasiveness
- Invasiveness refers to a microorganism's ability to overcome the body's normal defenses and cause disease.
- Types of infections include acute vs. chronic, local vs. systemic, primary vs. secondary.
- Pathogens can enter and leave the body through various routes, including the respiratory tract, digestive tract, skin, mucous membrane, genitourinary system, and blood.
- Bacteria use various invasive mechanisms, including capsules, fimbriae, exotoxin, leukocidins, and enzymes such as hyaluronidase, kinase, collagenase, and endotoxin.
- The disease stages include infection, incubation, prodromal period, acute period, decline period, and convalescent period.
- The host defense system includes non-specific disease (innate immunity) and specific body defense (adaptive immunity).
- The first line of defense includes skin, mucus membrane, tears, interferon, fibroblast I, leukocyte I, and T-lymphocytes I.
- The second line of defense includes phagocytosis, granulocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophil, monocytes, histiocytes, and wandering cells.
- The burst of metabolic activity within phagocytes during phagocytosis involves glycogenolysis, glycolysis, NADPH oxidase, superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, myeloperoxidase, and chloride ion.
- Other enzymes used in the phagolysosome during degranulation include lysozyme and lactoferrin.
- The stages of inflammation include swelling, redness, pain, and blood vessel enlargement.
- Types of immunity include active and passive immunity, with examples of natural and artificial immunity.
- Antibodies include IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD, which have different functions in the body.
Do you know how bacteria invade our bodies and cause infections? Test your knowledge on the different types of infections, invasive mechanisms of bacteria, and the stages of disease. Learn about the host defense system and the stages of inflammation. Explore the different types of immunity and antibodies that play a crucial role in fighting off infections. Take this quiz and discover how much you know about infection and bacterial invasiveness.
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