HEMATOLOGY II FINALS
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Questions and Answers

What are some symptoms of hemostasis disorders?

  • Petechiae, purpura, and melena (correct)
  • Fever, headache, and fatigue
  • Chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations
  • Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

    • Which of the following is not an example of a hereditary hemostasis disorder?

  • Scurvy (correct)
  • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
  • Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
  • Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

    • What is thrombocytopenia?

  • Abnormal adhesion of platelets
  • Decreased production of platelets (correct)
  • Increased platelet sequestration by the spleen
  • Uncontrolled proliferation of platelets

    • Which of the following is a storage pool defect?

    <p>Bernard-Soulier syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hemorrhagic disorder due to intrinsic pathway disorders?

    <p>Factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis?

    <p>Hepatic disease and vitamin K deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a lab evaluation of fibrinolysis that can be done through a protamine sulfate gelation test?

    <p>Ethanol gelation test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an aggregation defect?

    <p>Bernard-Soulier syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vitamin K in coagulation?

    <p>To gamma carboxylate coagulation factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the whole blood clot lysis time test?

    <p>Dissolution of the clot prior to 48 hours is indicative of excessive systemic fibrinolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is more sensitive and rapid in measuring lytic activity, and avoids the problems that arise from plasminogen inhibitors?

    <p>Euglobulin lysis time test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the protamine sulfate gelation test?

    <p>Protamine sulfate replaces secondary degradation products from fibrin monomers and primary FDPs, resulting in gel formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between primary and secondary fibrinolysis?

    <p>Primary fibrinolysis is caused by increased activation of plasmin, while secondary fibrinolysis is caused by increased consumption of fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reference range for the euglobulin lysis time test?

    <p>Less than 2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the late D-dimer assay and the other tests?

    <p>It measures a specific fragment arising from degradation of fibrin (D-dimer)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal platelet count in patients with hepatic disease and vitamin K deficiency?

    <p>Less than 100X109/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms of hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Petechiae and hemarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some hereditary hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytopenia?

    <p>Decreased production of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytosis?

    <p>Uncontrolled proliferation of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some adhesion defects?

    <p>Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some intrinsic pathway disorders?

    <p>Factor XI deficiency and factor VIII:C deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some extrinsic and common pathway disorders?

    <p>Factor V deficiency and factor VII deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis?

    <p>Vitamin K deficiency and primary fibrinolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some hemorrhagic disorders due to intrinsic pathway disorders?

    <p>Factor XI deficiency, factor VIII:C deficiency (hemophilia A), and factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis?

    <p>Hepatic disease and vitamin K deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a hereditary hemostasis disorder?

    <p>Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of adhesion defects?

    <p>Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a hemorrhagic disorder due to extrinsic and common pathway disorders?

    <p>Factor IX deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis?

    <p>Vitamin K deficiency and hepatic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a lab evaluation method for fibrinolysis?

    <p>Latex D-dimer assay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hereditary hemostasis disorder that is not listed in the text?

    <p>Protein S deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is an uncontrolled proliferation of platelets?

    <p>Thrombocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is a quantitative platelet disorder?

    <p>Thrombocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is a qualitative platelet disorder that results in impaired platelet adhesion?

    <p>von Willebrand's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is a qualitative platelet disorder that results in impaired platelet aggregation?

    <p>Thrombasthenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is a storage pool defect that results in gray platelets?

    <p>Gray platelet syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is a hemorrhagic disorder due to a deficiency in factor IX?

    <p>Factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is an acquired disorder of coagulation and fibrinolysis that can be caused by vitamin K deficiency?

    <p>Primary fibrinogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test can be used to evaluate fibrinolysis through whole blood clot lysis time?

    <p>Whole blood clot lysis time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms of hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Petechiae, purpura, and hematemesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a hereditary hemostasis disorder?

    <p>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytopenia?

    <p>Decreased production of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an adhesion defect of platelets?

    <p>Bernard-Soulier syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of thrombocytosis?

    <p>Uncontrolled proliferation of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a hemorrhagic disorder due to intrinsic pathway disorders?

    <p>Factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis?

    <p>Hepatic disease, vitamin K deficiency, and primary fibrinogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can lab evaluation of fibrinolysis be done?

    <p>Euglobulin lysis time, protamine sulfate gelation test, and ethanol gelation test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms of hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Petechiae and melena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a hereditary hemostasis disorder?

    <p>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytopenia?

    <p>Decreased production of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a storage pool defect of platelets?

    <p>Gray platelet syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are intrinsic pathway disorders that can cause hemorrhagic disorders?

    <p>Factor VIII:C deficiency and factor IX deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis?

    <p>Hepatic disease and vitamin K deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lab evaluation used to assess fibrinolysis?

    <p>Latex D-dimer assay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an acquired hemostasis disorder?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms of hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Petechiae, purpura, and hemarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a hereditary hemostasis disorder?

    <p>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytopenia and what are some possible causes?

    <p>A common quantitative platelet disorder that can be caused by non-immune destruction, immune destruction, or disseminated intravascular coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are adhesion defects in hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Defects in platelet adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hemorrhagic disorder due to intrinsic pathway disorders?

    <p>Factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis?

    <p>Hepatic disease and vitamin K deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a lab evaluation method for fibrinolysis?

    <p>Latex D-dimer assay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an acquired hemostasis disorder?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms of hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Petechiae, purpura, and epistaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of hereditary hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytopenia?

    <p>Decreased production of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of adhesion defects of platelets?

    <p>Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some intrinsic pathway disorders that can cause hemorrhagic disorders?

    <p>Factor XI deficiency and factor VIII:C deficiency (hemophilia A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis?

    <p>Hepatic disease, vitamin K deficiency, and disseminated intravascular coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lab evaluation of fibrinolysis?

    <p>Whole blood clot lysis time and euglobulin lysis time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytosis?

    <p>Uncontrolled proliferation of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hereditary disorder can cause hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common quantitative platelet disorder?

    <p>Thrombocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder includes uncontrolled proliferation of platelets?

    <p>Thrombocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adhesion defect disorder is caused by a deficiency in von Willebrand factor?

    <p>von Willebrand's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrinsic pathway disorder can cause hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Factor XI deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acquired disorder can cause fibrinolysis?

    <p>Secondary fibrinogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab evaluation can be used to test fibrinolysis?

    <p>Ethanol gelation test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acquired hemostasis disorder is caused by a deficiency of vitamin K?

    <p>Vitamin K deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hereditary disorder is NOT mentioned as a cause of hemostasis disorders in the text?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hemostasis disorders mentioned in the text?

    <p>Hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia according to the text?

    <p>Decreased production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is NOT mentioned as an adhesion defect in the text?

    <p>Von Willebrand's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of thrombocytosis according to the text?

    <p>Increased production of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrinsic pathway disorder is NOT mentioned as a cause of hemorrhagic disorders in the text?

    <p>Factor X deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acquired disorder is NOT mentioned as a cause of coagulation and fibrinolysis disorders in the text?

    <p>Primary thrombocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is NOT mentioned as a way to evaluate fibrinolysis in the text?

    <p>Protein C activity assay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms that can be presented by hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Petechiae, purpura, and ecchymosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of hereditary hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytopenia and what are some of its causes?

    <p>Decreased production of platelets caused by liver disease or vitamin K deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of platelet adhesion defects?

    <p>Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some intrinsic pathway disorders that can cause hemorrhagic disorders?

    <p>Factor XI deficiency and factor VIII:C deficiency (hemophilia A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis?

    <p>Hepatic disease and vitamin K deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some lab evaluation methods for fibrinolysis?

    <p>Whole blood clot lysis time and euglobulin lysis time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytosis and how can it occur?

    <p>Uncontrolled proliferation of platelets caused by a genetic defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms of hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Petechiae and hematuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a hereditary hemostasis disorder?

    <p>Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytopenia?

    <p>Decreased production of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of adhesion defects?

    <p>Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some intrinsic pathway disorders that can cause hemorrhagic disorders?

    <p>Factor XI deficiency and factor VIII:C deficiency (hemophilia A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis?

    <p>Vitamin K deficiency and disseminated intravascular coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some lab evaluations of fibrinolysis?

    <p>Whole blood clot lysis time and euglobulin lysis time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytosis?

    <p>Uncontrolled proliferation of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms of hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, epistaxis, hemarthrosis, hematemesis, hematoma, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, hemoptysis, melena, and menorrhagia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some hereditary vascular defects that can cause hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and congenital hemangiomata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some acquired alterations of vessel wall structure that can cause hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Diseases such as diabetes mellitus and amyloidosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to hypercoagulation or hypocoagulation in hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Endothelial damage caused by autoimmune or infectious agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause autoimmune vascular purpura in hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Drugs, allergies, or infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some quantitative platelet disorders that can cause hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Thrombocytopenia caused by decreased production, dilutional loss, nonimmune or immune destruction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and increased platelet sequestration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some qualitative platelet disorders that can cause hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Adhesion defects such as Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease, aggregation defects such as Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and afibrinogenemia, and storage pool defects such as gray platelet syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and Chediak-Higashi syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some disorders of thrombosis that can cause hemostasis disorders?

    <p>Antithrombin-III deficiency, protein C and S deficiency, fibrinolytic system disorders, dysfibrinogenemia, and homocystinuria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms of hemostasis disorders?

    <p>petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, epistaxis, hemarthrosis, hematemesis, hematoma, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, hemoptysis, melena, and menorrhagia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some hereditary vascular defects?

    <p>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and congenital hemangiomata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause acquired alterations of vessel wall structure?

    <p>diseases such as diabetes mellitus and amyloidosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to hypercoagulation or hypocoagulation?

    <p>Endothelial damage caused by autoimmune or infectious agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause autoimmune vascular purpura?

    <p>drugs, allergies, or infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some causes of quantitative platelet disorders?

    <p>thrombocytopenia caused by decreased production, dilutional loss, nonimmune or immune destruction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and increased platelet sequestration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytosis?

    <p>an excess of platelets in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of qualitative platelet disorders?

    <p>Bernard-Soulier syndrome, von Willebrand's disease, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, afibrinogenemia, gray platelet syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and Chediak-Higashi syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Hemostasis Disorders

    • Hemostasis disorders can present with various symptoms such as petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, epistaxis, hemarthrosis, hematoma, hematemesis, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, hemoptysis, melena, and menorrhagia.
    • Hereditary hemostasis disorders include Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and congenital hemangiomata (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome).
    • Acquired hemostasis disorders include scurvy, senile purpura, diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, and autoimmune vascular purpura.
    • Platelet disorders can be quantitative or qualitative, with thrombocytopenia being a common quantitative disorder.
    • Thrombocytopenia can be caused by decreased production, dilutional loss, non-immune destruction, immune destruction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, TTP, or increased platelet sequestration by the spleen.
    • Thrombocytosis is an uncontrolled proliferation of platelets and can be primary or secondary.
    • Adhesion defects include Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease, while aggregation defects include Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and afibrinogenemia.
    • Storage pool defects include gray platelet syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to intrinsic pathway disorders include factor XI deficiency, factor VIII:C deficiency (hemophilia A), factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B), and von Willebrand's disease.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to extrinsic and common pathway disorders include factor VII deficiency, factor X deficiency, factor V deficiency, factor II (prothrombin) deficiency, factor I deficiency, and factor XIII deficiency.
    • Acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis include hepatic disease, vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation, primary fibrinogenolysis, and secondary fibrinogenolysis.
    • Lab evaluation of fibrinolysis can be done through whole blood clot lysis time, euglobulin lysis time, protamine sulfate gelation test, ethanol gelation test, and latex D-dimer assay.

    Overview of Hemostasis Disorders

    • Hemostasis disorders can present with various symptoms such as petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, epistaxis, hemarthrosis, hematoma, hematemesis, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, hemoptysis, melena, and menorrhagia.
    • Hereditary hemostasis disorders include Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and congenital hemangiomata (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome).
    • Acquired hemostasis disorders include scurvy, senile purpura, diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, and autoimmune vascular purpura.
    • Platelet disorders can be quantitative or qualitative, with thrombocytopenia being a common quantitative disorder.
    • Thrombocytopenia can be caused by decreased production, dilutional loss, non-immune destruction, immune destruction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, TTP, or increased platelet sequestration by the spleen.
    • Thrombocytosis is an uncontrolled proliferation of platelets and can be primary or secondary.
    • Adhesion defects include Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease, while aggregation defects include Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and afibrinogenemia.
    • Storage pool defects include gray platelet syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to intrinsic pathway disorders include factor XI deficiency, factor VIII:C deficiency (hemophilia A), factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B), and von Willebrand's disease.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to extrinsic and common pathway disorders include factor VII deficiency, factor X deficiency, factor V deficiency, factor II (prothrombin) deficiency, factor I deficiency, and factor XIII deficiency.
    • Acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis include hepatic disease, vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation, primary fibrinogenolysis, and secondary fibrinogenolysis.
    • Lab evaluation of fibrinolysis can be done through whole blood clot lysis time, euglobulin lysis time, protamine sulfate gelation test, ethanol gelation test, and latex D-dimer assay.

    Overview of Hemostasis Disorders

    • Hemostasis disorders can present with various symptoms such as petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, epistaxis, hemarthrosis, hematoma, hematemesis, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, hemoptysis, melena, and menorrhagia.
    • Hereditary hemostasis disorders include Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and congenital hemangiomata (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome).
    • Acquired hemostasis disorders include scurvy, senile purpura, diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, and autoimmune vascular purpura.
    • Platelet disorders can be quantitative or qualitative, with thrombocytopenia being a common quantitative disorder.
    • Thrombocytopenia can be caused by decreased production, dilutional loss, non-immune destruction, immune destruction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, TTP, or increased platelet sequestration by the spleen.
    • Thrombocytosis is an uncontrolled proliferation of platelets and can be primary or secondary.
    • Adhesion defects include Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease, while aggregation defects include Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and afibrinogenemia.
    • Storage pool defects include gray platelet syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to intrinsic pathway disorders include factor XI deficiency, factor VIII:C deficiency (hemophilia A), factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B), and von Willebrand's disease.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to extrinsic and common pathway disorders include factor VII deficiency, factor X deficiency, factor V deficiency, factor II (prothrombin) deficiency, factor I deficiency, and factor XIII deficiency.
    • Acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis include hepatic disease, vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation, primary fibrinogenolysis, and secondary fibrinogenolysis.
    • Lab evaluation of fibrinolysis can be done through whole blood clot lysis time, euglobulin lysis time, protamine sulfate gelation test, ethanol gelation test, and latex D-dimer assay.

    Overview of Hemostasis Disorders

    • Hemostasis disorders can present with various symptoms such as petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, epistaxis, hemarthrosis, hematoma, hematemesis, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, hemoptysis, melena, and menorrhagia.
    • Hereditary hemostasis disorders include Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and congenital hemangiomata (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome).
    • Acquired hemostasis disorders include scurvy, senile purpura, diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, and autoimmune vascular purpura.
    • Platelet disorders can be quantitative or qualitative, with thrombocytopenia being a common quantitative disorder.
    • Thrombocytopenia can be caused by decreased production, dilutional loss, non-immune destruction, immune destruction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, TTP, or increased platelet sequestration by the spleen.
    • Thrombocytosis is an uncontrolled proliferation of platelets and can be primary or secondary.
    • Adhesion defects include Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease, while aggregation defects include Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and afibrinogenemia.
    • Storage pool defects include gray platelet syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to intrinsic pathway disorders include factor XI deficiency, factor VIII:C deficiency (hemophilia A), factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B), and von Willebrand's disease.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to extrinsic and common pathway disorders include factor VII deficiency, factor X deficiency, factor V deficiency, factor II (prothrombin) deficiency, factor I deficiency, and factor XIII deficiency.
    • Acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis include hepatic disease, vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation, primary fibrinogenolysis, and secondary fibrinogenolysis.
    • Lab evaluation of fibrinolysis can be done through whole blood clot lysis time, euglobulin lysis time, protamine sulfate gelation test, ethanol gelation test, and latex D-dimer assay.

    Overview of Hemostasis Disorders

    • Hemostasis disorders can present with various symptoms such as petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, epistaxis, hemarthrosis, hematoma, hematemesis, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, hemoptysis, melena, and menorrhagia.
    • Hereditary hemostasis disorders include Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and congenital hemangiomata (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome).
    • Acquired hemostasis disorders include scurvy, senile purpura, diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, and autoimmune vascular purpura.
    • Platelet disorders can be quantitative or qualitative, with thrombocytopenia being a common quantitative disorder.
    • Thrombocytopenia can be caused by decreased production, dilutional loss, non-immune destruction, immune destruction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, TTP, or increased platelet sequestration by the spleen.
    • Thrombocytosis is an uncontrolled proliferation of platelets and can be primary or secondary.
    • Adhesion defects include Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease, while aggregation defects include Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and afibrinogenemia.
    • Storage pool defects include gray platelet syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to intrinsic pathway disorders include factor XI deficiency, factor VIII:C deficiency (hemophilia A), factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B), and von Willebrand's disease.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to extrinsic and common pathway disorders include factor VII deficiency, factor X deficiency, factor V deficiency, factor II (prothrombin) deficiency, factor I deficiency, and factor XIII deficiency.
    • Acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis include hepatic disease, vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation, primary fibrinogenolysis, and secondary fibrinogenolysis.
    • Lab evaluation of fibrinolysis can be done through whole blood clot lysis time, euglobulin lysis time, protamine sulfate gelation test, ethanol gelation test, and latex D-dimer assay.

    Overview of Hemostasis Disorders

    • Hemostasis disorders can present with various symptoms such as petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, epistaxis, hemarthrosis, hematoma, hematemesis, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, hemoptysis, melena, and menorrhagia.
    • Hereditary hemostasis disorders include Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and congenital hemangiomata (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome).
    • Acquired hemostasis disorders include scurvy, senile purpura, diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, and autoimmune vascular purpura.
    • Platelet disorders can be quantitative or qualitative, with thrombocytopenia being a common quantitative disorder.
    • Thrombocytopenia can be caused by decreased production, dilutional loss, non-immune destruction, immune destruction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, TTP, or increased platelet sequestration by the spleen.
    • Thrombocytosis is an uncontrolled proliferation of platelets and can be primary or secondary.
    • Adhesion defects include Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease, while aggregation defects include Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and afibrinogenemia.
    • Storage pool defects include gray platelet syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to intrinsic pathway disorders include factor XI deficiency, factor VIII:C deficiency (hemophilia A), factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B), and von Willebrand's disease.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to extrinsic and common pathway disorders include factor VII deficiency, factor X deficiency, factor V deficiency, factor II (prothrombin) deficiency, factor I deficiency, and factor XIII deficiency.
    • Acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis include hepatic disease, vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation, primary fibrinogenolysis, and secondary fibrinogenolysis.
    • Lab evaluation of fibrinolysis can be done through whole blood clot lysis time, euglobulin lysis time, protamine sulfate gelation test, ethanol gelation test, and latex D-dimer assay.

    Overview of Hemostasis Disorders

    • Hemostasis disorders can present with various symptoms such as petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, epistaxis, hemarthrosis, hematoma, hematemesis, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, hemoptysis, melena, and menorrhagia.
    • Hereditary hemostasis disorders include Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and congenital hemangiomata (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome).
    • Acquired hemostasis disorders include scurvy, senile purpura, diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, and autoimmune vascular purpura.
    • Platelet disorders can be quantitative or qualitative, with thrombocytopenia being a common quantitative disorder.
    • Thrombocytopenia can be caused by decreased production, dilutional loss, non-immune destruction, immune destruction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, TTP, or increased platelet sequestration by the spleen.
    • Thrombocytosis is an uncontrolled proliferation of platelets and can be primary or secondary.
    • Adhesion defects include Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease, while aggregation defects include Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and afibrinogenemia.
    • Storage pool defects include gray platelet syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to intrinsic pathway disorders include factor XI deficiency, factor VIII:C deficiency (hemophilia A), factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B), and von Willebrand's disease.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders due to extrinsic and common pathway disorders include factor VII deficiency, factor X deficiency, factor V deficiency, factor II (prothrombin) deficiency, factor I deficiency, and factor XIII deficiency.
    • Acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis include hepatic disease, vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation, primary fibrinogenolysis, and secondary fibrinogenolysis.
    • Lab evaluation of fibrinolysis can be done through whole blood clot lysis time, euglobulin lysis time, protamine sulfate gelation test, ethanol gelation test, and latex D-dimer assay.

    Overview of Hemostasis Disorders

    • Hemostasis disorders can cause various symptoms such as petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, epistaxis, hemarthrosis, hematemesis, hematoma, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, hemoptysis, melena, and menorrhagia.
    • Hereditary vascular defects include Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and congenital hemangiomata.
    • Acquired alterations of vessel wall structure can be caused by diseases such as diabetes mellitus and amyloidosis.
    • Endothelial damage caused by autoimmune or infectious agents can lead to hypercoagulation or hypocoagulation.
    • Autoimmune vascular purpura can be caused by drugs, allergies, or infections.
    • Quantitative platelet disorders include thrombocytopenia caused by decreased production, dilutional loss, nonimmune or immune destruction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and increased platelet sequestration.
    • Thrombocytosis can be primary or secondary.
    • Qualitative platelet disorders include adhesion defects such as Bernard-Soulier syndrome and von Willebrand's disease, aggregation defects such as Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and afibrinogenemia, and storage pool defects such as gray platelet syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
    • Disorders of thrombosis can be primary or secondary, and include antithrombin-III deficiency, protein C and S deficiency, fibrinolytic system disorders, dysfibrinogenemia, and homocystinuria.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders in intrinsic pathway disorders include factor XI deficiency, factor VIII:C deficiency, factor IX deficiency, and von Willebrand's disease.
    • Hemorrhagic disorders in extrinsic and common pathway disorders include factor VII deficiency, factor X deficiency, factor V deficiency, factor II deficiency, factor I deficiency, and factor XIII deficiency.
    • Acquired disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis include hepatic disease, vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation, primary and secondary fibrinogenolysis, and lab evaluation of fibrinolysis.
    • Anticoagulant therapy with heparin or warfarin requires monitoring of the patient's antithrombin III assay, platelet count, and D-dimer levels. Treatment for these disorders may include replacement therapy, anticoagulant therapy, or supportive care.

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