Hematology II: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the lumbar puncture in the diagnosis of ALL?

  • To determine the number of normal blood cells
  • To detect the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome
  • To collect a sample of the spinal fluid for testing (correct)
  • To measure the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow
  • Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

  • Muscle cramps (correct)
  • Shortness of breath
  • Weight loss
  • Fever
  • What is the purpose of the molecular tests in the diagnosis of ALL?

  • To determine the number of normal blood cells
  • To detect genetic abnormalities associated with ALL (correct)
  • To measure the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow
  • To collect a sample of the cerebrospinal fluid
  • What is the significance of the Philadelphia chromosome in the diagnosis of ALL?

    <p>It indicates a more aggressive form of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in the diagnosis of ALL?

    <p>To measure the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common imaging test used in the diagnosis of ALL?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

    <p>B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of leukemia cases in children under 15 years of age is represented by acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor affecting the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

    <p>Age of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

    <p>Genetic error in an immature lymphocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a morphological subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on the French-American-British (FAB) classification?

    <p>L1, L2, or L3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following therapies is specifically mentioned as a treatment option for Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL?

    <p>Targeted therapy with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, such as imatinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of intrathecal chemotherapy is described in the figure?

    <p>Injecting drugs into the CSF in the lower part of the spinal column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the French-American-British (FAB) classification, which subtype of ALL has the highest frequency?

    <p>L2 (60%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinguishing feature among the L1, L2, and L3 subtypes of ALL mentioned in the text?

    <p>The level of nucleoli conspicuousness in the lymphoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the epidemiology of ALL is true, according to the text?

    <p>ALL occurs three times more frequently in Whites than in Blacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason provided in the text for the difference in ALL incidence between racial groups?

    <p>No reason is provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

    • Lumbar puncture aids in detecting CNS involvement and ensures accurate diagnosis of ALL.
    • Molecular tests help identify specific genetic alterations and assist in prognostic assessment.
    • Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are performed to evaluate the extent of leukemic infiltration in the bone marrow.

    Key Symptoms and Signs of ALL

    • Common symptoms of ALL include fatigue, fever, easy bruising, and bleeding.
    • Symptoms that are NOT typically associated with ALL should be identified for accurate diagnosis.

    Philadelphia Chromosome

    • The presence of the Philadelphia chromosome is significant as it indicates a specific genetic mutation associated with a poorer prognosis in ALL.
    • Targeted therapies are available for Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL.

    Prevalence and Demographics

    • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia represents approximately 25% of all leukemia cases in children under 15 years of age.
    • The most common type of ALL is B-cell ALL, whereas T-cell ALL is less frequent.
    • Differences in ALL incidence between racial groups may be attributed to genetic, environmental, or socio-economic factors.

    Morphological Subtypes

    • The French-American-British (FAB) classification of ALL includes three morphological subtypes: L1, L2, and L3.
    • Among these, the L1 subtype is the most common.

    Prognostic Factors

    • Key factors affecting the prognosis of ALL include age at diagnosis, white blood cell count, and cytogenetic findings.
    • The most common cause of ALL remains unclear, although genetic predispositions and environmental factors play roles.

    Imaging and Treatment

    • Common imaging tests used in ALL diagnosis may include X-rays, CT scans, and MRI; however, certain imaging modalities may not be relevant.
    • Intrathecal chemotherapy is often administered directly into the spinal canal to target CNS leukemia.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) with this quiz. Covering the classification, prognosis factors, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and morphological subtypes of ALL.

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