Test Your Knowledge of Antibacterial Drugs and Their Modes of Action! 14.3 pt.1

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192 Questions

Which class of antibacterial drugs inhibits cell wall biosynthesis and is an excellent example of selective toxicity?

Penicillin and other β-lactams

Which antibacterial drug inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by binding to the end of the peptide chain of cell wall precursors?

Vancomycin

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs impairs the proofreading ability of the ribosomal complex, causing mismatches between codons and anticodons and resulting in the production of faulty proteins?

Aminoglycosides

Which class of antibacterial drugs binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing peptide bond formation and leading to broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity?

Macrolides

Which class of antibacterial drugs interact with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which antibacterial drug interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which class of antibacterial drugs has a β-lactam ring fused to a six-member ring, providing increased resistance to enzymatic inactivation by β-lactamases?

Cephalosporins

Which class of antibacterial drugs are similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which class of antibacterial drugs are a new broad-spectrum class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, but their mechanism of action is somewhat different from other 50S subunit-binding protein synthesis inhibitors?

Oxazolidinones

Which was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic that was approved by the FDA, but has limited clinical use due to serious side effects, such as lethal gray baby syndrome and suppression of bone marrow production?

Chloramphenicol

Which class of antibacterial drugs inhibits cell wall biosynthesis and is an excellent example of selective toxicity?

Penicillin and other β-lactams

Which antibacterial drug inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by binding to the end of the peptide chain of cell wall precursors?

Vancomycin

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs impairs the proofreading ability of the ribosomal complex, causing mismatches between codons and anticodons and resulting in the production of faulty proteins?

Aminoglycosides

Which class of antibacterial drugs binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing peptide bond formation and leading to broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity?

Macrolides

Which class of antibacterial drugs interact with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which antibacterial drug interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which class of antibacterial drugs has a β-lactam ring fused to a six-member ring, providing increased resistance to enzymatic inactivation by β-lactamases?

Cephalosporins

Which class of antibacterial drugs are similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which class of antibacterial drugs are a new broad-spectrum class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, but their mechanism of action is somewhat different from other 50S subunit-binding protein synthesis inhibitors?

Oxazolidinones

Which was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic that was approved by the FDA, but has limited clinical use due to serious side effects, such as lethal gray baby syndrome and suppression of bone marrow production?

Chloramphenicol

Which of the following is a characteristic of antimicrobial drugs?

They selectively kill or inhibit microbial targets

Which type of cells provide greater variety of unique targets for selective toxicity?

Prokaryotic cells

Which of the following is true about the mode of action of antibacterial drugs?

Each class of antibacterial drugs has a unique mode of action

Which of the following antibacterials is an excellent example of selective toxicity?

Penicillin

Which of the following is true about cephalosporins?

They inhibit the crosslinking of peptide chains during the biosynthesis of new peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall

Which of the following is true about the carbapenem family?

They provide broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens

Which of the following antibacterials inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by binding to the end of the peptide chain of cell wall precursors?

Vancomycin

Which of the following is true about aminoglycosides?

They impair the proofreading ability of the ribosomal complex, causing mismatches between codons and anticodons and resulting in the production of faulty proteins

Which of the following is true about tetracyclines?

They inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the association of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation

Which of the following is true about macrolides?

They block elongation of proteins by inhibiting peptide bond formation between specific combinations of amino acids

Which of the following antibacterials interacts with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria?

Polymyxins

Which of the following antibacterials inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-positive bacteria, disrupting the membrane and killing the cell?

Daptomycin

Which of the following is a characteristic of antimicrobial drugs with selective toxicity?

They selectively kill or inhibit microbial targets while causing minimal harm to the host

Which type of cells provide greater variety of unique targets for selective toxicity, making them the most commonly used antimicrobial drugs?

Prokaryotic cells

What is the unique target of antibacterials that target cell wall biosynthesis?

Peptidoglycan

Which antibiotic was the first to be discovered?

Penicillin

What is the unique feature of cephalosporins that provides increased resistance to enzymatic inactivation by β-lactamases?

A six-member ring

Which class of antibacterial drugs provides broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens?

Carbapenems

What is the unique target of bacitracin?

Lipopolysaccharide

Which class of antibacterial drugs is large, highly polar, and impairs the proofreading ability of the ribosomal complex?

Aminoglycosides

Which class of antibacterial drugs inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the association of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation?

Tetracyclines

Which class of antibacterial drugs is broad-spectrum and inhibits elongation of proteins by inhibiting peptide bond formation between specific combinations of amino acids?

Macrolides

Which class of antibacterial drugs interacts with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which antibacterial drug blocks RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which of the following is NOT a class of antibacterial drugs that inhibit protein synthesis?

Vancomycin

Which of the following is a semisynthetic drug that provides broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens?

Carbapenem

Which of the following antibacterial drugs is bacteriostatic and inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the association of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation?

Tetracyclines

Which of the following antibacterial drugs is a lipopeptide that inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-positive bacteria, disrupting the membrane and killing the cell?

Daptomycin

Which of the following is a broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic drug that blocks elongation of proteins by inhibiting peptide bond formation between specific combinations of amino acids?

Macrolides

Which of the following antibacterial drugs interacts with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which of the following antibacterial drugs inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by binding to the end of the peptide chain of cell wall precursors, creating a structural blockage that prevents their incorporation into the growing peptidoglycan structure?

Vancomycin

Which of the following is a new broad-spectrum class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, but their mechanism of action is somewhat different from other 50S subunit-binding protein synthesis inhibitors?

Oxazolidinones

Which of the following antibacterial drugs interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which of the following is similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which of the following is produced by Streptomyces venezuelae, was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic that was approved by the FDA, but has limited clinical use due to serious side effects, such as lethal gray baby syndrome and suppression of bone marrow production?

Chloramphenicol

Which of the following antibacterial drugs blocks RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which class of antibacterial drugs is the most commonly used due to the greater variety of unique targets for selective toxicity provided by prokaryotic cells?

Antibacterial drugs

Which of the following is an example of an antibacterial drug that targets cell wall biosynthesis?

Penicillin

Which class of antibacterial drugs provides broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens?

Carbapenems

Which antibacterial drug blocks the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs impairs the proofreading ability of the ribosomal complex, causing mismatches between codons and anticodons and resulting in the production of faulty proteins?

Aminoglycosides

Which class of antibacterial drugs inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the association of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation?

Tetracyclines

Which class of antibacterial drugs is similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which class of antibacterial drugs interacts with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which antibacterial drug interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which of the following is a new broad-spectrum class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, but their mechanism of action is somewhat different from other 50S subunit-binding protein synthesis inhibitors?

Oxazolidinones

Which was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic that was approved by the FDA, but has limited clinical use due to serious side effects, such as lethal gray baby syndrome and suppression of bone marrow production?

Chloramphenicol

Which class of antibacterial drugs is the most commonly used due to the greater variety of unique targets for selective toxicity provided by prokaryotic cells?

Antibacterial drugs

Which antibacterial drug was the first antibiotic discovered?

Penicillin

Which class of antibacterial drugs provides broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens?

Carbapenems

Which antibacterial drug blocks the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs impairs the proofreading ability of the ribosomal complex, causing mismatches between codons and anticodons and resulting in the production of faulty proteins?

Aminoglycosides

Which class of antibacterial drugs inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the association of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation?

Tetracyclines

Which class of antibacterial drugs are broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic drugs that block elongation of proteins by inhibiting peptide bond formation between specific combinations of amino acids?

Macrolides

Which class of antibacterial drugs is similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which class of antibacterial drugs interact with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which antibacterial drug is a lipopeptide that inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-positive bacteria, disrupting the membrane and killing the cell?

Daptomycin

Which antibacterial drug interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which class of antibacterial drugs inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the association of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation?

Tetracyclines

Which antibacterial drug inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-positive bacteria, disrupting the membrane and killing the cell?

Daptomycin

Which class of antibacterial drugs interacts with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which class of antibacterial drugs inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by blocking RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which antibacterial drug was the first antibiotic discovered and inhibits the crosslinking of peptide chains during the biosynthesis of new peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall?

Penicillin

Which class of antibacterial drugs includes semisynthetic drugs that provide broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens?

Carbapenems

Which class of antibacterial drugs are broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic drugs that block elongation of proteins by inhibiting peptide bond formation between specific combinations of amino acids?

Macrolides

Which class of antibacterial drugs is similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which antibacterial drug inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by binding to the end of the peptide chain of cell wall precursors, creating a structural blockage that prevents their incorporation into the growing peptidoglycan structure?

Vancomycin

Which class of antibacterial drugs are large, highly polar drugs that impair the proofreading ability of the ribosomal complex, causing mismatches between codons and anticodons and resulting in the production of faulty proteins?

Aminoglycosides

Which class of antibacterial drugs is a new broad-spectrum class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, but their mechanism of action is somewhat different from other 50S subunit-binding protein synthesis inhibitors?

Oxazolidinones

Which antibacterial drug blocks the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs targets cell wall biosynthesis and is an excellent example of selective toxicity?

Penicillin and other β-lactams

Which antibacterial drug binds to the end of the peptide chain of cell wall precursors, creating a structural blockage that prevents their incorporation into the growing peptidoglycan structure?

Vancomycin

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs impairs the proofreading ability of the ribosomal complex, causing mismatches between codons and anticodons and resulting in the production of faulty proteins?

Aminoglycosides

Which class of antibacterial drugs inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the association of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation?

Tetracyclines

Which class of antibacterial drugs are similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which antibacterial drug was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic that was approved by the FDA, but has limited clinical use due to serious side effects, such as lethal gray baby syndrome and suppression of bone marrow production?

Chloramphenicol

Which class of antibacterial drugs interact with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which antibacterial drug interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which class of antibacterial drugs has a β-lactam ring fused to a six-member ring, providing increased resistance to enzymatic inactivation by β-lactamases?

Cephalosporins

Which class of antibacterial drugs are a new broad-spectrum class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, but their mechanism of action is somewhat different from other 50S subunit-binding protein synthesis inhibitors?

Oxazolidinones

Which class of antibacterial drugs has the most limited clinical use due to serious side effects, such as lethal gray baby syndrome and suppression of bone marrow production?

Chloramphenicol

Which class of antibacterial drugs binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and is a new broad-spectrum class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors?

Oxazolidinones

Which antibacterial drug inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by blocking the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs impairs the proofreading ability of the ribosomal complex, causing mismatches between codons and anticodons and resulting in the production of faulty proteins?

Aminoglycosides

Which class of antibacterial drugs has a β-lactam ring fused to a six-member ring, providing increased resistance to enzymatic inactivation by β-lactamases?

Cephalosporins

Which antibacterial drug inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by binding to the end of the peptide chain of cell wall precursors, creating a structural blockage that prevents their incorporation into the growing peptidoglycan structure?

Vancomycin

Which class of antibacterial drugs is similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which class of antibacterial drugs interact with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which antibacterial drug interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which class of antibacterial drugs are bacteriostatic and inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the association of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation?

Tetracyclines

Which class of antibacterial drugs cause mismatches between codons and anticodons, leading to faulty proteins that insert into and disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in broad-spectrum bactericidal activity?

Aminoglycosides

Which class of antibacterial drugs is the most commonly used due to the greater variety of unique targets for selective toxicity provided by prokaryotic cells?

Antibacterial drugs

Which antibacterial drug was the first antibiotic discovered and inhibits the crosslinking of peptide chains during the biosynthesis of new peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall?

Penicillin

Which class of antibacterial drugs includes semisynthetic drugs that provide broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens?

Carbapenems

Which antibacterial drug blocks the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs are large, highly polar drugs that impair the proofreading ability of the ribosomal complex, causing mismatches between codons and anticodons and resulting in the production of faulty proteins?

Aminoglycosides

Which class of antibacterial drugs is bacteriostatic and inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the association of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation?

Tetracyclines

Which class of antibacterial drugs are broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic drugs that block elongation of proteins by inhibiting peptide bond formation between specific combinations of amino acids?

Macrolides

Which antibacterial drug is a lipopeptide that inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-positive bacteria, disrupting the membrane and killing the cell?

Daptomycin

Which class of antibacterial drugs interact with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which class of antibacterial drugs interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which class of antibacterial drugs is similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which class of antibacterial drugs is the most commonly used antimicrobial drug due to the greater variety of unique targets for selective toxicity provided by prokaryotic cells?

Antibacterial drugs

Which antibacterial drug was the first antibiotic discovered?

Penicillin

Which class of antibacterial drugs includes semisynthetic drugs that provide broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens?

Carbapenems

Which antibacterial drug blocks the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing peptide bond formation and leading to broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity?

Macrolides

Which class of antibacterial drugs is similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which antibacterial drug interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which class of antibacterial drugs interact with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which class of antibacterial drugs are a new broad-spectrum class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, but their mechanism of action is somewhat different from other 50S subunit-binding protein synthesis inhibitors?

Oxazolidinones

Which antibacterial drug inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by binding to the end of the peptide chain of cell wall precursors, creating a structural blockage that prevents their incorporation into the growing peptidoglycan structure?

Vancomycin

Which class of antibacterial drugs has a β-lactam ring fused to a six-member ring, providing increased resistance to enzymatic inactivation by β-lactamases?

Macrolides

Which of the following is a bacteriostatic drug that inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the association of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation?

Tetracyclines

Which of the following is a broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic drug that blocks elongation of proteins by inhibiting peptide bond formation between specific combinations of amino acids?

Macrolides

Which of the following antibacterial drugs inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by binding to the end of the peptide chain of cell wall precursors, creating a structural blockage that prevents their incorporation into the growing peptidoglycan structure?

Vancomycin

Which of the following classes of antibacterial drugs has a β-lactam ring fused to a six-member ring, providing increased resistance to enzymatic inactivation by β-lactamases?

Cephalosporins

Which of the following antibacterial drugs is a lipopeptide that inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-positive bacteria, disrupting the membrane and killing the cell?

Daptomycin

Which of the following classes of antibacterial drugs interact with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which of the following classes of antibacterial drugs inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by blocking RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which of the following classes of antibacterial drugs are similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which of the following antibacterial drugs interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which of the following classes of antibacterial drugs cause mismatches between codons and anticodons, leading to faulty proteins that insert into and disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in broad-spectrum bactericidal activity?

Aminoglycosides

Which of the following classes of antibacterial drugs are a new broad-spectrum class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, but their mechanism of action is somewhat different from other 50S subunit-binding protein synthesis inhibitors?

Oxazolidinones

Which of the following antibacterial drugs blocks the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs is the most commonly used antimicrobial drug due to the greater variety of unique targets for selective toxicity provided by prokaryotic cells?

Antibacterials that target cell wall biosynthesis

Which antibacterial drug was the first antibiotic discovered and inhibits the crosslinking of peptide chains during the biosynthesis of new peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall?

Penicillin

Which class of antibacterial drugs has a β-lactam ring fused to a six-member ring, providing increased resistance to enzymatic inactivation by β-lactamases?

Cephalosporins

Which antibacterial drug inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by binding to the end of the peptide chain of cell wall precursors, creating a structural blockage that prevents their incorporation into the growing peptidoglycan structure?

Vancomycin

Which antibacterial drug blocks the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs impairs the proofreading ability of the ribosomal complex, causing mismatches between codons and anticodons and resulting in the production of faulty proteins?

Aminoglycosides

Which class of antibacterial drugs is similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which class of antibacterial drugs is a new broad-spectrum class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, but their mechanism of action is somewhat different from other 50S subunit-binding protein synthesis inhibitors?

Oxazolidinones

Which class of antibacterial drugs interact with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which antibacterial drug interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which broad-spectrum antibiotic was the first approved by the FDA, but has limited clinical use due to serious side effects, such as lethal gray baby syndrome and suppression of bone marrow production?

Chloramphenicol

Which class of antibacterial drugs inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the association of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation?

Tetracyclines

Which antibacterial drug inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-positive bacteria, disrupting the membrane and killing the cell?

Daptomycin

Which class of antibacterial drugs binds to the end of the peptide chain of cell wall precursors, creating a structural blockage that prevents their incorporation into the growing peptidoglycan structure?

Vancomycin

Which class of antibacterial drugs are large, highly polar drugs that impair the proofreading ability of the ribosomal complex, causing mismatches between codons and anticodons and resulting in the production of faulty proteins?

Aminoglycosides

Which class of antibacterial drugs interact with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which class of antibacterial drugs inhibits RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which antibacterial drug blocks the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs are a new broad-spectrum class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, but their mechanism of action is somewhat different from other 50S subunit-binding protein synthesis inhibitors?

Oxazolidinones

Which class of antibacterial drugs are similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which class of antibacterial drugs inhibits cell wall biosynthesis and is an excellent example of selective toxicity because human cells do not make peptidoglycan?

Penicillin

Which class of antibacterial drugs interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic that was approved by the FDA, but has limited clinical use due to serious side effects, such as lethal gray baby syndrome and suppression of bone marrow production?

Chloramphenicol

Which class of antibacterial drugs is most commonly used due to the greater variety of unique targets for selective toxicity provided by prokaryotic cells?

Antibacterial drugs

Which antibacterial drug was the first antibiotic discovered?

Penicillin

Which class of antibacterial drugs includes semisynthetic drugs that provide broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens?

Carbapenems

Which antibacterial drug blocks the activity of a specific cell-membrane molecule that is responsible for the movement of peptidoglycan precursors from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Bacitracin

Which class of antibacterial drugs is broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic, and inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the association of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation?

Tetracyclines

Which class of antibacterial drugs are similar in their mode of action to the macrolides, but are more active against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections?

Lincosamides

Which class of antibacterial drugs interact with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through the eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane?

Polymyxins

Which antibacterial drug interferes with DNA replication in target cells and is also an antiprotozoan?

Metronidazole

Which class of antibacterial drugs blocks RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, providing selective toxicity against bacterial cells, but can induce liver enzymes to increase metabolism of other drugs being administered, leading to hepatotoxicity?

Rifampin

Which class of antibacterial drugs has a β-lactam ring fused to a six-member ring, providing increased resistance to enzymatic inactivation by β-lactamases?

Cephalosporins

Which class of antibacterial drugs are a new broad-spectrum class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, but their mechanism of action is somewhat different from other 50S subunit-binding protein synthesis inhibitors?

Oxazolidinones

Which was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic that was approved by the FDA, but has limited clinical use due to serious side effects, such as lethal gray baby syndrome and suppression of bone marrow production?

Chloramphenicol

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