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Questions and Answers
According to the filter theory of attention proposed by Broadbent, how does information initially enter the cognitive system?
According to the filter theory of attention proposed by Broadbent, how does information initially enter the cognitive system?
- Information is selectively filtered based on relevance and attention.
- Information is directly sent to long-term memory.
- All information is processed simultaneously without any filtering. (correct)
- Only top-down information is initially processed.
In the filter theory of attention, what is the role of the selective filter?
In the filter theory of attention, what is the role of the selective filter?
- It filters out top-down information.
- It enhances sensory processing.
- It blocks out unattended stimuli and allows relevant top-down information to pass through. (correct)
- It completely ignores all sensory input.
According to the filter theory, what kind of filter is applied to the unattended channel?
According to the filter theory, what kind of filter is applied to the unattended channel?
- Selective filter
- All-or-nothing filter (correct)
- Partial filter
- Top-down filter
Which statement best characterizes the filter theory of attention?
Which statement best characterizes the filter theory of attention?
What happens to the attended channel according to the filter theory?
What happens to the attended channel according to the filter theory?
What limitation of the filter theory is mentioned in the provided information regarding Triesman's Dichotic listening findings?
What limitation of the filter theory is mentioned in the provided information regarding Triesman's Dichotic listening findings?
How does the attenuator model differ from the Broadbent model of attention?
How does the attenuator model differ from the Broadbent model of attention?
In the attenuator model, what does 'attenuate' mean in the context of the filter?
In the attenuator model, what does 'attenuate' mean in the context of the filter?
According to the attenuator model, what is the primary function of the filter?
According to the attenuator model, what is the primary function of the filter?
What criteria are considered by the attenuating filter in the attenuator model to determine which information from the unattended channel gets passed along?
What criteria are considered by the attenuating filter in the attenuator model to determine which information from the unattended channel gets passed along?
According to the attenuator model, what is the result if the unattended channel meets the criteria of the attenuating filter?
According to the attenuator model, what is the result if the unattended channel meets the criteria of the attenuating filter?
According to the attenuator model, what does the filter allow in a crowded and noisy environment?
According to the attenuator model, what does the filter allow in a crowded and noisy environment?
What does "top-down" mean in the context of attention control?
What does "top-down" mean in the context of attention control?
What characterizes top-down attention?
What characterizes top-down attention?
Which one of these best describes bottom-up attention control?
Which one of these best describes bottom-up attention control?
What is a key characteristic of bottom-up attention control in terms of awareness?
What is a key characteristic of bottom-up attention control in terms of awareness?
When thinking of attention control in the context of the 'Cocktail Party Effect,' what type of attention control is primarily at play?
When thinking of attention control in the context of the 'Cocktail Party Effect,' what type of attention control is primarily at play?
Which of the following is the primary characteristic of a visual search task using top-down control?
Which of the following is the primary characteristic of a visual search task using top-down control?
How does a visual search task using bottom-up control differ from a top-down controlled search?
How does a visual search task using bottom-up control differ from a top-down controlled search?
What happens to your attention when you're searching for a specific target using bottom-up control?
What happens to your attention when you're searching for a specific target using bottom-up control?
What is 'contingent capture' in the context of bottom-up attentional control?
What is 'contingent capture' in the context of bottom-up attentional control?
Which of the following describes the reaction time cost associated with contingent capture?
Which of the following describes the reaction time cost associated with contingent capture?
How do real-world examples of contingent capture illustrate the concept of bottom-up processing?
How do real-world examples of contingent capture illustrate the concept of bottom-up processing?
Which of the following is NOT an example of real-world contingent capture based on the information provided?
Which of the following is NOT an example of real-world contingent capture based on the information provided?
According to Pinto et al. (2013), what did they find regarding the relationship between top-down and bottom-up attention tasks?
According to Pinto et al. (2013), what did they find regarding the relationship between top-down and bottom-up attention tasks?
What does the existence of separate attention control networks suggest in terms of neurophysiological evidence?
What does the existence of separate attention control networks suggest in terms of neurophysiological evidence?
Which of the following best describes visual field neglect?
Which of the following best describes visual field neglect?
What does the example of ADHD reveal about the role of neural activity in attention control?
What does the example of ADHD reveal about the role of neural activity in attention control?
According to the information provided, where does bottom-up target selection first occur within the parieto-frontal network?
According to the information provided, where does bottom-up target selection first occur within the parieto-frontal network?
Which region of the brain is identified as the first site for top-down processing within the parieto-frontal network?
Which region of the brain is identified as the first site for top-down processing within the parieto-frontal network?
What does the observation of differences in bottom-up and top-down processes within the parieto-frontal network indicate?
What does the observation of differences in bottom-up and top-down processes within the parieto-frontal network indicate?
What is the primary focus of the value-driven attentional capture study conducted by Anderson et al. (2012; 2013)?
What is the primary focus of the value-driven attentional capture study conducted by Anderson et al. (2012; 2013)?
During the training phase of the study by Anderson et al., participants were required to
During the training phase of the study by Anderson et al., participants were required to
How was value (importance) assigned to the targets in the training phase of the study by Anderson et al.?
How was value (importance) assigned to the targets in the training phase of the study by Anderson et al.?
What was the primary objective of the 2nd test phase in the study by Anderson et al.?
What was the primary objective of the 2nd test phase in the study by Anderson et al.?
According to the value-driven attentional capture study by Anderson et al., what were the key findings in the test phase?
According to the value-driven attentional capture study by Anderson et al., what were the key findings in the test phase?
What is the primary finding of the study by Anderson et al. (2011; 2012) regarding value-driven attentional capture and its duration?
What is the primary finding of the study by Anderson et al. (2011; 2012) regarding value-driven attentional capture and its duration?
According to the information given, what is the relationship between the direction of gaze and the direction of attention in visual perception?
According to the information given, what is the relationship between the direction of gaze and the direction of attention in visual perception?
Which of the following best describes what participants needed to do when they encountered a word from the list of memorized words in the Bowden's sentence reading experiment?
Which of the following best describes what participants needed to do when they encountered a word from the list of memorized words in the Bowden's sentence reading experiment?
In the sentence reading experiment by Bowden et al. (2017), when were participants required to switch their attention and press the spacebar?
In the sentence reading experiment by Bowden et al. (2017), when were participants required to switch their attention and press the spacebar?
According to eye-tracking studies, what do the results suggest about the focus of attention in visual perception?
According to eye-tracking studies, what do the results suggest about the focus of attention in visual perception?
According to the findings of the experiment, what happened to the number of fixations on the trial number as participants approached trial numbers where the special words could appear?
According to the findings of the experiment, what happened to the number of fixations on the trial number as participants approached trial numbers where the special words could appear?
According to Posner et al. (1980), what is a key characteristic of the attention spotlight model of attention?
According to Posner et al. (1980), what is a key characteristic of the attention spotlight model of attention?
In the context of the attention spotlight model, what happens to stimuli in the spotlight?
In the context of the attention spotlight model, what happens to stimuli in the spotlight?
According to the study by Muler et al. (2003), what is the main concept introduced with regards to attention?
According to the study by Muler et al. (2003), what is the main concept introduced with regards to attention?
What is the function of the 'zoom lens' according to Muler et al. (2003)?
What is the function of the 'zoom lens' according to Muler et al. (2003)?
How did participants in the study by Muler et al. (2003) adjust the size of their attentional window based on the cue provided?
How did participants in the study by Muler et al. (2003) adjust the size of their attentional window based on the cue provided?
According to the findings of Muler et al. (2003), what advantage is associated with having a very small attentional window?
According to the findings of Muler et al. (2003), what advantage is associated with having a very small attentional window?
How does the study's use of fMRI support the concept of a finite amount of attentional resources?
How does the study's use of fMRI support the concept of a finite amount of attentional resources?
Study Notes
Filter Theory of Attention
- Information initially enters the cognitive system through multiple channels, with all information being processed in parallel.
- The selective filter determines which channel to attend to, and only the attended channel is further processed.
- The unattended channel has a filter applied to it, which attenuates the signal, but does not eliminate it.
Attenuator Model
- The attenuator model differs from the Broadbent model in that the filter attenuates the unattended channel, rather than blocking it completely.
- The filter attenuates the signal, reducing its strength, but not eliminating it.
- The primary function of the filter is to reduce the strength of the unattended channel.
- The filter considers the physical characteristics of the stimuli to determine which information from the unattended channel gets passed along.
- If the unattended channel meets the criteria, it is passed along to further processing.
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Attention
- Top-down attention is controlled by goals, expectations, and prior knowledge.
- Top-down attention is characterized by attention being guided by internal goals and expectations.
- Bottom-up attention is driven by salient stimuli in the environment.
- Bottom-up attention control is characterized by awareness of stimuli.
- In the 'Cocktail Party Effect', top-down attention control is primarily at play.
Visual Search Tasks
- In a top-down controlled search, the searcher knows what they are looking for.
- In a bottom-up controlled search, the target is unknown.
- When searching for a specific target using bottom-up control, attention is drawn to salient stimuli.
- Contingent capture occurs when attention is drawn to a salient stimulus, even if it's not the target.
Real-World Examples
- Contingent capture is illustrated by real-world examples such as billboards and advertisements.
Neurophysiological Evidence
- Separate attention control networks suggest that top-down and bottom-up attention have distinct neural mechanisms.
- Visual field neglect is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to attend to one side of the visual field.
- ADHD reveals that neural activity plays a crucial role in attention control.
Parito-Frontal Network
- Bottom-up target selection first occurs within the parieto-frontal network.
- Top-down processing occurs in the frontal cortex.
Value-Driven Attentional Capture
- The primary focus of the study by Anderson et al. was to investigate value-driven attentional capture.
- During the training phase, participants were required to learn the value of different targets.
- The primary objective of the 2nd test phase was to test attentional capture.
- The key finding was that attentional capture was driven by learned value.
Eye Tracking Studies
- The direction of gaze and attention are closely linked in visual perception.
- In the sentence reading experiment by Bowden et al., participants had to switch their attention and press the spacebar when they encountered a memorized word.
Attention Spotlight Model
- The attention spotlight model suggests that attention is focused on a specific area, with stimuli in the spotlight receiving priority processing.
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge of the filter theory of attention proposed by Broadbent. Learn how information initially enters the cognitive system and select the correct answer from multiple choices.
