Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does validity in psychological assessment primarily indicate?
What does validity in psychological assessment primarily indicate?
- The consistency of test results over time.
- The degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure. (correct)
- The correlation of test scores with other unrelated variables.
- The standardization of test administration procedures.
What is the purpose of local validation studies?
What is the purpose of local validation studies?
- To simplify test administration for individuals with disabilities.
- To evaluate the validity of a test when used with a population different from the one it was standardized on. (correct)
- To confirm the reliability of test scores across multiple administrations.
- To establish the global norms for a standardized test.
Which type of validity is concerned with how well a test appears to measure its intended construct?
Which type of validity is concerned with how well a test appears to measure its intended construct?
- Construct Validity
- Content Validity
- Face Validity (correct)
- Criterion-related Validity
A panel of experts is asked to review a test to ensure that it covers all relevant aspects of a construct. What type of validity is being assessed?
A panel of experts is asked to review a test to ensure that it covers all relevant aspects of a construct. What type of validity is being assessed?
What does criterion-related validity assess?
What does criterion-related validity assess?
Which of the following is a key indicator of predictive validity?
Which of the following is a key indicator of predictive validity?
What is indicated by the hit rate in the context of predictive validity?
What is indicated by the hit rate in the context of predictive validity?
What is the miss rate in predictive validity?
What is the miss rate in predictive validity?
Concurrent validity is most appropriately assessed when:
Concurrent validity is most appropriately assessed when:
What is the primary focus of construct validity?
What is the primary focus of construct validity?
What does convergent validity indicate?
What does convergent validity indicate?
Discriminant validity is demonstrated when:
Discriminant validity is demonstrated when:
What is the purpose of using a validity coefficient?
What is the purpose of using a validity coefficient?
How is the strength of validity indicated by a validity coefficient of 0?
How is the strength of validity indicated by a validity coefficient of 0?
What is incremental validity used to determine?
What is incremental validity used to determine?
What is the primary goal of exploratory factor analysis?
What is the primary goal of exploratory factor analysis?
What is the purpose of confirmatory factor analysis?
What is the purpose of confirmatory factor analysis?
In the context of factor analysis, what does factor loading convey?
In the context of factor analysis, what does factor loading convey?
What is the definition of test bias?
What is the definition of test bias?
What does a rating error refer to?
What does a rating error refer to?
Which of the following describes leniency error in rating?
Which of the following describes leniency error in rating?
What best describes severity error in rating?
What best describes severity error in rating?
What is central tendency error in rating?
What is central tendency error in rating?
What is the Halo effect?
What is the Halo effect?
What defines test fairness in psychometrics?
What defines test fairness in psychometrics?
Which action exemplifies a test user striving for fairness?
Which action exemplifies a test user striving for fairness?
In what scenario is local validation most crucial before implementing a standardized test?
In what scenario is local validation most crucial before implementing a standardized test?
Which of the following is an example of the test user striving for ways to ensure fairness?
Which of the following is an example of the test user striving for ways to ensure fairness?
Flashcards
Validity
Validity
The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
Validation
Validation
The process of gathering and evaluating evidence about validity.
Local validation studies
Local validation studies
Studies necessary when the test user plans to alter the format, instructions, language, or content of the test.
Face Validity
Face Validity
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Content Validity
Content Validity
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Criterion-related validity
Criterion-related validity
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Predictive validity
Predictive validity
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Concurrent Validity
Concurrent Validity
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Base rate
Base rate
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Hit rate
Hit rate
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Miss rate
Miss rate
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Construct Validity
Construct Validity
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Convergent validity
Convergent validity
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Discriminant Validity
Discriminant Validity
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Validity coefficient
Validity coefficient
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Incremental validity
Incremental validity
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Test bias
Test bias
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Rating
Rating
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Rating error
Rating error
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Leniency error
Leniency error
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Severity error
Severity error
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Central tendency error
Central tendency error
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Halo effect
Halo effect
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Test fairness
Test fairness
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Study Notes
- Validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure.
- Validity is a judgement based on evidence regarding the appropriateness of inferences derived from test scores.
- Test and test scores are described using terms such as "acceptable" or "weak" to characterize validity.
Validation
- Validation is the process of collecting and assessing evidence related to a test's validity.
- Local validation studies become necessary when modifications are made to a test's format, instructions, language, or content.
- Local validation is needed when test users use a test with a population of test-takers differing significantly from the standardized population.
Types of Validity
- Face Validity is a subjective assessment of if to the test appears to measure the construct.
- Content Validity assesses the representativeness of a test in covering all aspects of the construct.
- Criterion-related Validity is the extent to which individual test scores correlate with other variables or criteria reflecting the same construct.
- Construct Validity evaluates whether a measurement tool accurately represents what it aims to measure.
Criterion-Related Validity Types
- Predictive Validity indicates the degree to which a test score forecasts a criterion measure.
- Base Rate is how common a particular trait or attribute is within a population.
- Hit Rate refers to the proportion of people accurately identified as possessing or exhibiting a trait.
- Miss Rate denotes the proportion of instances the test inaccurately identifies lacking or having a trait, further broken down into false negatives and false positives.
- Concurrent Validity measures the degree to which a test score relates to a criterion measure that is obtained at the same time.
Construct Validity Types
- Convergent Validity measures the degree to which two measures related theoretically are actually related.
- Discriminant Validity measures the degree to which two measures not expected to be related are unrelated.
Checking Validity
- A Validity Coefficient is used to check validity of a test
- It is a correlation coefficient measuring the relationship between test scores and scores on the criterion measure.
- Ranges from 0 to 1, where 1 is high validity, 0 is weak, and 0.5 is moderate.
- Pearson correlation and Spearman rho rank-order correlation can determine the validity of measures.
- Incremental Validity refers to its ability to provide more information beyond what existing measures already offer.
Factor Analysis
- Factor analysis is a way to identify attributes, characteristics, or dimensions on which people differ.
- Exploratory factor analysis entails estimating or extracting factors, deciding how many factors to retain, and rotating factors.
- Confirmatory factor analysis examines how well a model fits the data.
- Factor loading describes to what extent a factor influences test scores.
Test Bias
- Test bias refers to the systematic over- or underestimation of true performance on a test for specific groups.
Rating Error
- A rating is a verbal or numerical judgement placing someone on continuum, identified by a rating scale.
- A rating error stems from the intentional or unintentional misuse of a rating scale.
- Leniency error (generosity error) is a rater's bias toward rating an individual too positively, often in appraisals or interviews.
- Severity error is when a rater always criticizes.
- Central tendency error is when raters assign average scores to most subjects, despite performance differences.
- Halo effect is a cognitive bias where overall impression influences how we assess their character.
Test Fairness
- Test fairness is the degree to which a test is used impartially, justly, and equitably, ensuring the test user aims for fairness in its application.
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Description
Explore test validity, which assesses how accurately a test measures what it intends to measure. Learn about the validation process, including local validation studies. Understand different types of validity, such as face validity, content validity and criterion-related validity.