Test Score Associations Quiz

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Which of the following best describes the association between test scores and other variables?

The association is irrelevant

The association is always moderate

The association can be strong, moderate, or weak (correct)

The association is always strong

What is the purpose of examining the association between test scores and other variables?

To determine the reliability of the test

To determine the accuracy of the test

To determine the fairness of the test

To determine the validity of the test (correct)

Which of the following best describes convergent validity?

The degree to which test scores are correlated with tests of dissimilar constructs

The degree to which test scores are correlated with variables that are completely unrelated

The degree to which test scores are correlated with random variables

The degree to which test scores are correlated with tests of similar constructs (correct)

What construct should emotional intelligence correlate positively with?

Cognitive intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines consensual validity?

The degree of agreement among different observers or raters in their evaluations of a particular construct Signup and view all the answers

What would be an example of high consensual validity?

A positive correlation between self-reported scores and rater-reported scores Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correlation coefficients is considered too high for convergent validity?

.80 Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of having a high convergent validity?

It makes the measure redundant with other measures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines discriminant validity?

The degree to which test scores are uncorrelated with tests of unrelated constructs Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum correlation coefficient researchers hypothesize for discriminant validity correlation?

.20 Signup and view all the answers

If a measure is found to be correlated with an unrelated construct, what conclusion can be drawn about the measure?

It is contaminated to some degree by construct irrelevant variance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes concurrent validity?

Establishing the relationship between scores from a new measure and scores from a widely accepted gold standard measure that assesses the same construct Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential limitation of using concurrent validity?

The other measure may be poor and the correlation may simply demonstrate that the newly proposed measure is also poor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'paper chase' approach to concurrent validity research?

Test A is validated by its correlation with Test B, which is validated by its correlation with Test C, which is validated by its correlation with Test A Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes predictive validity?

The degree to which test scores are correlated with relevant variables that are measured at a future point in time Signup and view all the answers

Why is predictive validity evidence rare?

Because it requires time and resources to keep track of people over time Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of predictive validity?

Correlating university grades with annual earnings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best defines consequential validity?

The social and personal consequences associated with using a particular test Signup and view all the answers

If two tests were equally predictive of a criterion of interest, but one of the tests tended to yield scores that were biased against women, which test would be considered to have greater consequential validity?

The non-biased test Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes consequential validity?

Consequential validity is a judgmental process that may be influenced by vested interests and involves assessing the impact of a measure on individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Criterion validity is considered:

The oldest form of validity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes criterion validity?

The evaluation of how accurately a test measures the outcome it was designed to measure Signup and view all the answers

What are the two sub-categories of criterion validity?

Concurrent validity and predictive validity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the inductive perspective of developing a psychological measure?

Iterative and data-driven approach based on empirical observations and data analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the inductive perspective of developing a psychological measure?

Generating items based on empirical observations and data analysis rather than starting with pre-existing theories or constructs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the inductive approach to developing a psychological measure?

Starting with a set of adjectives and then factor analyzing the responses to uncover common dimensions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of factor analyzing responses to a set of adjectives in the inductive approach to developing a psychological measure?

To uncover common dimensions of personality Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of validation research in the 'measurement as theory' approach?

To offer a theoretical explanation of the processes that lead up to the measurement outcome Signup and view all the answers

What role do constructs and theories play in the 'measurement as theory' approach?

They play a primary role in measurement and in psychology more generally Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the 'measurement as theory' approach and the traditional approach to developing measures?

In the 'measurement as theory' approach, measurement is considered a fundamental theory development end in its own right, while in the traditional approach, measures are developed to test theories Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the difference between reliability and validity?

Reliability reflects differences among people in their levels of the trait (+ measurement error) that affects test scores, while validity is directly related to the nature of the trait supposedly being assessed by the measure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between reliability and validity?

Reliability is a property of test scores, while validity is a property of test score interpretations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the connection between psychological theory and validity?

Validity is closely tied to psychological theory, while reliability is not Signup and view all the answers