52 Questions
What is the advantage of formative evaluation?
It provides ongoing feedback to improve learning
What is the primary purpose of summative evaluation?
To measure the achievement of learning objectives
Which type of evaluation focuses on continuous improvement during the learning process?
Formative evaluation
What is the main purpose of content validity in evaluation?
To ensure the assessment measures the intended content
What is the purpose of formative evaluation in EMS instructor techniques?
To provide ongoing feedback and assessment early in the program
What does summative evaluation determine in EMS instructor techniques?
Teaching effectiveness and mastery of content
What is the role of entry-level EMS instructors in designing test items?
They may not design test items
What is the main focus of evaluation in EMS instructor techniques?
Instruction provided and student performance
What are the key aspects that evaluation provides according to EMS instructor techniques?
Feedback, motivation, and measures of effectiveness
When is summative evaluation performed in EMS instructor techniques?
At the completion of a section
Which type of evaluation is critical for making ongoing adjustments in EMS instructor techniques?
Formative evaluation
What methods are involved in EMS instructor evaluation techniques?
Module testing and informal assessments
What does evaluation assess in relation to the EMS field?
Compatibility with EMS field
What is the primary aim of program evaluations in EMS instructor techniques?
To improve instruction quality
What is the significance of formal and informal evaluation strategies in EMS instructor techniques?
They are critical for comprehensive assessment
Why are student evaluations important in EMS instructor techniques?
To determine student progress
Which type of evaluation technique may lack perceived value by students due to lack of recorded grades and feedback?
Informal evaluation techniques
What is an advantage of written examinations?
Measurement of cognitive objectives
What is a disadvantage of written examinations?
Time-consuming development
What should test items in written examinations align with?
Course and lesson objectives
What is important for positioning in multiple choice questions?
Positioning of key and distractors
What is an important guideline for written test item construction?
Alignment with objectives and development from a blueprint
What is an advantage of multiple choice evaluations?
Measurement of cognitive objectives
What should timing strategies for written examinations align with?
Exam's purpose and question complexity
What is important for the graphics (fonts) on a written examination?
Consistency in design strategies
What is important for written exam directions?
Clear and complete directions
What should written exams be reviewed for?
Reviewed for clarity and completeness by another instructor
What is a common method of conducting formal and informal evaluation?
Multiple choice evaluations
Which evaluation technique allows independent completion, synthesis of data, and group work?
Project assignments
What is a disadvantage of allowing students to retain the test?
Eliminating the test from reuse
What is a limitation of oral examinations?
Standardization
What is involved in post written examination quality review by faculty?
Determining correctness
Which evaluation technique can be used for psychomotor or affective evaluation?
Observational reports
What is a disadvantage of practical examinations?
Time-consuming to prepare and deliver
What is an advantage of practical examinations?
Closely approximating job performance
What can allowing students to review the test highlight?
Areas of weakness for further study
What is a disadvantage of observational reports?
May influence student performance
What is a limitation of project assignments?
Difficulty to standardize
What is a disadvantage of oral examinations in terms of standardization?
Standardization
What is a limitation of practical examinations in terms of preparation and delivery?
Time-consuming to prepare and deliver
Which type of test item may be limited by unclear directions and the need for similarity between items?
Matching test items
What should be avoided in multiple choice questions to prevent tricking students who are used to positively worded stems?
Negatively worded stems
Which type of test item is prone to limitations such as bias cueing and inadequate stems?
Multiple choice questions
What type of test item can be difficult to read and skew the meaning when it contains fill-in-the-blank segments in the middle of the stem?
Completion test items
What should be carefully considered in multiple choice questions to avoid guessing or elimination of options?
The use of 'all of the above' or 'none of the above'
What type of test item has limitations related to the amount of information included, potential for unclear meaning, and the answer space provided?
Completion test items
What type of test items are often intended to grant permission to attempt a licensing or certifying examination?
Terminal/certifying examinations
What type of test items are required to obtain certification or licensure and may include a combination of written, oral, and practical skills examinations?
Final summative examinations
What is an essential step in ensuring the effectiveness of the test items, according to the text?
Post written examination quality review by students
What type of test items may not be effective for measuring lower levels of learning domains and can be time-consuming and difficult to grade?
Essay test items
What type of test items have limitations, including difficulty in constructing good items in a positive voice and avoiding extreme answers?
True/false test items
What type of test items are often limited by unclear directions and the need for similarity between items?
Matching test items
Study Notes
Guidelines for Writing Effective Test Items
- Multiple choice questions in national and state certification exams are prone to limitations such as bias cueing and inadequate stems.
- Negatively worded stems should be avoided as they can trick students who are used to positively worded stems.
- Questions with fill-in-the-blank segments in the middle of the stem should be avoided as they can be difficult to read and skew the meaning.
- The use of "all of the above" or "none of the above" as distracters should be carefully considered, as they can lead to guessing or elimination of options.
- When combining answers to obtain a correct answer, all possible combinations should be used to make up the distracters, but this may be impractical with only four options.
- True/false test items have limitations, including difficulty in constructing good items in a positive voice and avoiding extreme answers.
- Matching test items work best with definitions and terms, but may be limited by unclear directions and the need for similarity between items.
- Completion test items, such as fill-in-the-blank, have limitations related to the amount of information included, potential for unclear meaning, and the answer space provided.
- Essay test items, both short and long answer, may not be effective for measuring lower levels of learning domains and can be time-consuming and difficult to grade.
- Terminal/certifying examinations are often multiple-choice and are intended to grant permission to attempt a licensing or certifying examination.
- Final summative examinations are required to obtain certification or licensure and may include a combination of written, oral, and practical skills examinations.
- Post written examination quality review by students is an essential step in ensuring the effectiveness of the test items.
Test your knowledge of effective test item writing with this quiz. Explore guidelines for creating multiple choice, true/false, matching, completion, and essay test items, as well as considerations for terminal and final summative examinations.
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