Questions and Answers
What are terrestrial plants?
What are examples of terrestrial plants?
Poison ivy, Cactus
What are some characteristics of terrestrial plants?
Divided into root and shoot portions, cell walls made of cellulose, sporadic sexual reproduction.
Name the kingdom of terrestrial plants.
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What is the habit of a terrestrial plant?
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How many types of terrestrial plants are there?
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What were the first terrestrial plants?
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What is the structure of terrestrial plants?
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How many types of terrestrial habitats are there?
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Name one phylum of terrestrial plants.
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What are the characteristics of Phylum Pterophyta?
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What are the characteristics of Phylum Psilophyta?
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What are the characteristics of Phylum Arthrophyta?
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What is the vascular system?
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In what phylum are mosses classified?
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What is the phylum of liverworts?
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What is the phylum of ferns?
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What is a symbiotic relationship?
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What is the reproductive structure?
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What is absorption of nutrients?
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What are the three parts of a seed?
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What are seeds?
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What are the two kinds of gametophytes that seeds produce?
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What are male gametophytes?
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What are female gametophytes?
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What does haploid mean?
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Study Notes
Terrestrial Plants Overview
- Terrestrial plants grow on, in, or from land, distinct from aquatic, epiphytic, or lithophytic plants.
- Approximately 391,000 species exist, showcasing a diverse array of forms and functions.
Examples and Characteristics
- Notable examples include poison ivy and cacti.
- They typically have a body divided into two regions: underground roots and aerial shoots, which consist of stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
- Cell walls are primarily composed of cellulose, and their reproduction involves an alternation of saprophytic generations, predominantly occurring on land.
Habitat and Kingdom
- Terrestrial habitats encompass forests, grasslands, deserts, wetlands, and urban areas.
- All terrestrial plants belong to the kingdom Plantae.
Evolution and Structure
- The first terrestrial plants emerged about 470 million years ago during the Ordovician period, featuring non-vascular forms such as mosses and liverworts.
- Basic plant structures include roots, stems, branches, leaves, and reproductive components, with most being vascular, facilitating nutrient transport.
Phylogenetic Diversity
- Classification includes various phyla:
- Mosses belong to Phylum Bryophyta.
- Liverworts fall under Hepaticophyta.
- Ferns are classified in Pterophyta and known for features like megaphylls (fronds).
- Phylum Psilophyta includes plants lacking leaves or roots, characterized by branching green stems.
- Phylum Arthrophyta displays primitive floral characteristics such as undifferentiated perianth structures.
Reproductive Structures and Gametophytes
- Terrestrial plants require reproductive structures that remain moist and seeds that do not need water for reproduction.
- Seed anatomy consists of:
- A sporophyte embryo
- Nutritional endosperm
- Drought-resistant protective coverings.
- Two types of gametophytes are produced:
- Male gametophytes form pollen from microspores.
- Female gametophytes develop from megaspores produced alongside ovules, containing eggs.
Nutrient Absorption
- Terrestrial plants must effectively absorb nutrients from the soil, especially in environments rich in nutrients, ensuring growth and development.
Key Definitions
- Haploid refers to cells or organisms with one complete set of chromosomes, important in the context of gametes and reproductive processes.
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Description
This quiz explores the diverse world of terrestrial plants, including their characteristics, habitats, and evolutionary history. With around 391,000 species, learn about their structures, reproduction methods, and notable examples like poison ivy and cacti. Delve into the significance of these plants within the kingdom Plantae.
