Terrestrial Plants Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are terrestrial plants?

  • Plants that grow in rocks
  • Plants that grow on trees
  • Plants that grow in water
  • Plants that grow on land (correct)

    • What are examples of terrestrial plants?

    Poison ivy, Cactus

    What are some characteristics of terrestrial plants?

    Divided into root and shoot portions, cell walls made of cellulose, sporadic sexual reproduction.

    Name the kingdom of terrestrial plants.

    <p>Plantae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the habit of a terrestrial plant?

    <p>Terrestrial habitats found on land like forests, grasslands, deserts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of terrestrial plants are there?

    <p>About 391,000 species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the first terrestrial plants?

    <p>Non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of terrestrial plants?

    <p>Root system, stem, branches, leaves, and reproductive structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of terrestrial habitats are there?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one phylum of terrestrial plants.

    <p>Phylum Embryophyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Phylum Pterophyta?

    <p>Leaves called fronds, are megaphylls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Phylum Psilophyta?

    <p>No leaves or roots, green stem with scales and synangia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Phylum Arthrophyta?

    <p>Undifferentiated perianth, radial symmetry, leaves that are leaf-like.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vascular system?

    <p>System that transports water, nutrients, and energy-rich compounds throughout the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what phylum are mosses classified?

    <p>Phylum Bryophyta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phylum of liverworts?

    <p>Hepaticophyta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phylum of ferns?

    <p>Pterophyta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symbiotic relationship?

    <p>A relationship where both organisms benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reproductive structure?

    <p>A structure that needs to stay moist and aid in reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is absorption of nutrients?

    <p>Obtaining nutrients from the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts of a seed?

    <p>Sporophyte plant embryo, endosperm, protective cover.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are seeds?

    <p>Embryo covers that protect the embryonic plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two kinds of gametophytes that seeds produce?

    <p>Male gametophytes and female gametophytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are male gametophytes?

    <p>Pollen that arises from microspores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are female gametophytes?

    <p>Develops from a megaspore in an ovule, contains egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does haploid mean?

    <p>An organism or cell with only one complete set of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Terrestrial Plants Overview

    • Terrestrial plants grow on, in, or from land, distinct from aquatic, epiphytic, or lithophytic plants.
    • Approximately 391,000 species exist, showcasing a diverse array of forms and functions.

    Examples and Characteristics

    • Notable examples include poison ivy and cacti.
    • They typically have a body divided into two regions: underground roots and aerial shoots, which consist of stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
    • Cell walls are primarily composed of cellulose, and their reproduction involves an alternation of saprophytic generations, predominantly occurring on land.

    Habitat and Kingdom

    • Terrestrial habitats encompass forests, grasslands, deserts, wetlands, and urban areas.
    • All terrestrial plants belong to the kingdom Plantae.

    Evolution and Structure

    • The first terrestrial plants emerged about 470 million years ago during the Ordovician period, featuring non-vascular forms such as mosses and liverworts.
    • Basic plant structures include roots, stems, branches, leaves, and reproductive components, with most being vascular, facilitating nutrient transport.

    Phylogenetic Diversity

    • Classification includes various phyla:
      • Mosses belong to Phylum Bryophyta.
      • Liverworts fall under Hepaticophyta.
      • Ferns are classified in Pterophyta and known for features like megaphylls (fronds).
    • Phylum Psilophyta includes plants lacking leaves or roots, characterized by branching green stems.
    • Phylum Arthrophyta displays primitive floral characteristics such as undifferentiated perianth structures.

    Reproductive Structures and Gametophytes

    • Terrestrial plants require reproductive structures that remain moist and seeds that do not need water for reproduction.
    • Seed anatomy consists of:
      • A sporophyte embryo
      • Nutritional endosperm
      • Drought-resistant protective coverings.
    • Two types of gametophytes are produced:
      • Male gametophytes form pollen from microspores.
      • Female gametophytes develop from megaspores produced alongside ovules, containing eggs.

    Nutrient Absorption

    • Terrestrial plants must effectively absorb nutrients from the soil, especially in environments rich in nutrients, ensuring growth and development.

    Key Definitions

    • Haploid refers to cells or organisms with one complete set of chromosomes, important in the context of gametes and reproductive processes.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the diverse world of terrestrial plants, including their characteristics, habitats, and evolutionary history. With around 391,000 species, learn about their structures, reproduction methods, and notable examples like poison ivy and cacti. Delve into the significance of these plants within the kingdom Plantae.

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