Plant Evolution and Characteristics Quiz

<p>Flagellated sperm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Access to sunlight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a multicellular, dependent embryo. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abundant herbivores. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect spores from harsh environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiosis in the sporophyte. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help transport nutrients from the parent plant to the developing embryo. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multicellular gametangia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The haploid stage that produces gametes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps prevent water loss from the plant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staminate cone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anthophyta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gymnosperms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are not enclosed by ovaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palm-like leaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The haploid generation that produces gametes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phylum Gnetophyta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruits and flowers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phylum Coniferophyta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seeds in containers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wind, water, and lizards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diverse reproductive structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>360 million years ago (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seeds can remain dormant until conditions are favorable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They predominantly retain their leaves year-round (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollen and ovules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microspores that develop into male gametophytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollen grains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ovule developing into a sporophyte embryo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of ovules and pollen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of xylem and phloem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporophytes are the larger generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phylum Pterophyta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They formed the first forests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They boast more than 12,000 species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They primarily include the genus Equisetum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is believed to have caused global cooling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagellated sperm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants that exhibit embryonic development; includes land plants.

A group of green algae closely related to land plants; share a common ancestor with them.

A durable polymer that protects zygotes from drying out in charophytes.

The process by which plants diversified from ancestral forms to current species, adapting to land.

Gymnosperms are seed plants with naked seeds; Angiosperms are flowering plants with seeds in fruits.

Plants with specialized tissues (xylem and phloem) for nutrient transport.

The dominant generation in vascular plants; larger than gametophyte.

The smaller generation in vascular plants, growing on or below the soil surface.

Includes club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts; ancient vascular plant group.

Includes ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns; most diverse seedless vascular plants.

Time when ancient vascular plants formed the first forests and influenced climate.

Critical genus Equisetum, characterized by jointed stems; less diverse now.

Resemble ancestral plants but are closely related to modern ferns.

Seeds emerged around 360 million years ago, influencing plant dominance.

A seed consists of an embryo, nutrients, and a protective coat.

Seeds and pollen grains are vital for terrestrial life.

Heterospory is the production of two types of spores: microspores and megaspores.

Megasporangia produce megaspores that develop into female gametophytes.

Microsporangia produce microspores that become male gametophytes (pollen).

Pollination transfers pollen to ovules via air or animals without needing water.

Seeds offer dormancy and can be transported long distances, enhancing survival.

Seed plants that bear 'naked' seeds, not enclosed by ovaries.

Four main phyla: Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, Coniferophyta.

Phylum of gymnosperms with large cones and palm-like leaves, few species today.

Phylum with a single living species, Ginkgo biloba, known for its unique fan-shaped leaves.

Phylum that includes conifers like pine, fir, and redwood with needle-like leaves and cones.

Gymnosperms use pollen for reproduction, adapting to dry conditions.

Staminate cones produce pollen grains; larger cones contain ovules that develop into seeds.

Takes nearly 3 years from cone production to mature seed in pine trees.

A reproductive cycle where plants alternate between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte.

Organs in the sporophyte that produce haploid spores through meiosis.

Spores enclosed in protective walls made with sporopollenin for harsh environments.

Organs where gametes are produced in plants.

Cells that transfer nutrients from the parent to the embryo.

Diploid cells in sporangia that undergo meiosis to form haploid spores.

Mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots, aiding in nutrient absorption.

A phylum consisting of three genera, with species varying from tropical to desert environments.

Seed plants with flowers and fruits, most diverse group of plants, classified under Anthophyta.

The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma, can occur via various agents.

A group of angiosperms characterized by having one seed leaf and parallel leaf veins.

A major group of angiosperms with two seed leaves and net-like leaf veins.

The single phylum classification for all angiosperms; derived from the Greek for 'flower'.

Organisms that assist in pollination processes, such as insects, birds, and mammals.