Terpenoids and Glycosides Overview
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Terpenoids and Glycosides Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which plant source contains glandular hairs as its specific secretory structure?

  • Pine wood
  • Asfoetida
  • Cannabis (correct)
  • Ginger

    • What is the primary method used for the isolation of oils from plant sources?

  • Heating plant parts
  • Extraction with alcohol
  • Incision
  • Distillation (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a physical test used for identification?

  • Solubility
  • Taste
  • Acid value (correct)
  • Odour

    • Which resin is associated with anti-cancer properties?

    <p>Podophyllum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which identification test involves measuring specific values such as iodine and saponification?

    <p>Chemical test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves the extraction of essential oils from flowers using a fat and pure ethanol?

    <p>Enfleurage process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication of the presence of terpenoids in a sample?

    <p>Development of a greyish color after treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of solvent is typically used in the solvent extraction method for terpenoids?

    <p>Ether/benzene mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic effect of terpenoids is not mentioned in the content?

    <p>Anti-cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the presence of carotenoids during the identification test?

    <p>A brown ring at the interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant-derived product is mentioned as an active ingredient used in cancer treatment?

    <p>Paclitaxel from the pacific yew tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for the purification of isolated glycosides?

    <p>Column chromatography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of glycosides?

    <p>Sugars and non-sugar components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do alkaloids primarily serve in animals?

    <p>Cardioactive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plants is known to contain a high percentage of alkaloids?

    <p>Rubiaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the maceration of plant material in the isolation of terpenoids?

    <p>Steam distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the isolation of glycosides, which step is performed to remove non-glycosidal impurities?

    <p>Precipitation with legal acetate solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in isolating alkaloids from plant material?

    <p>Extracting with petroleum ether or hexane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer in the identification test is indicated by the presence of a greenish ring?

    <p>Acetic acid layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do glycosides play in pharmaceutical applications?

    <p>Carrier for drug and medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the extracting solvent for alkaloids be neutralized after extraction?

    <p>Ammonia sodium carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color indicates the presence of tannins when ferric chloride is added to a boiled plant extract?

    <p>Brownish green or blue black</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT mentioned for the isolation of volatile oils?

    <p>Cold pressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is NOT associated with the biological activity of tannins?

    <p>Pro-inflammatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells in Piperaceae are modified to contain volatile oils?

    <p>Parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application is NOT a use of tannins in pharmaceuticals?

    <p>To enhance digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is common to all substances that can be subjected to water distillation?

    <p>They should not be injured by boiling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of the destructive distillation method?

    <p>Extraction of volatile oils under vacuum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about volatile oils is true?

    <p>They possess distinct odours and are lighter than air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of comminuting tough materials like barks and seeds?

    <p>To facilitate extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is specifically used for extracting citrus oils?

    <p>Ecuelle method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic application is eucalyptus oil used for?

    <p>As a counter irritant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a method for identifying volatile oils?

    <p>Color test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the refractive index range for essential oils like clove oil?

    <p>1.528-1.537</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of resin increases yield when the plant is injured?

    <p>Normal resin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which resin type is specifically found only when injury is inflicted on a plant?

    <p>Abnormal resin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chromatographic method is used to check the purity of essential oils?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Secretory Structures

    • Glandular hairs are a specific structure found in plants that secrete substances.

    Oil Isolation

    • The primary method for isolating oils from plants is expression, where oils are squeezed out.

    Identification Tests

    • Physical tests used for identification include:
      • Organoleptic test: based on smell, taste, and appearance.
      • Microscopic test: analyzes the structure of plant material.
      • Physical constant determination: measures properties such as refractive index, specific gravity, and melting point.

    Resins

    • Podophyllotoxin resin is associated with anticancer properties.

    Chemical Identification

    • Chemical tests are used to measure specific values for identification, like iodine and saponification values.

    Essential Oil Extraction

    • Enfleurage involves extracting essential oils from flowers using fat and pure ethanol.

    Terpenoids

    • The presence of a characteristic odor indicates terpenoids in a sample.
    • A non-polar solvent like petroleum ether is generally used in solvent extraction of terpenoids.
    • Antibacterial activity is a therapeutic effect of terpenoids not specifically mentioned.

    Carotenoids

    • A yellow color in the identification test indicates the presence of carotenoids.

    Plant-Derived Cancer Treatment

    • Podophyllotoxin is an active ingredient extracted from plants used in some cancer treatments.

    Glycosides

    • Recrystallization is a method for purifying isolated glycosides.
    • Sugar is the primary component of glycosides.

    Alkaloids

    • Alkaloids primarily function as defense mechanisms in animals, deterring herbivores.
    • Cinchona is a plant known to contain a high percentage of alkaloids.

    Terpenoid Isolation

    • Maceration, soaking plant material in a solvent, is involved in the isolation of terpenoids.

    Glycosides Isolation

    • Removing non-glycosidal impurities during glycoside isolation is accomplished through purification techniques.

    Alkaloid Isolation

    • The initial step in isolating alkaloids from plant material is extraction, using a suitable solvent.

    Identification Tests

    • A greenish ring in the identification test indicates the presence of alkaloids.

    Glycosides in Pharmaceuticals

    • Glycosides play a role in pharmaceutical applications, acting as drugs, antiseptics, and cardiotonic agents.

    Alkaloid Extraction Neutralization

    • After extraction, the extracting solvent for alkaloids can be neutralized using a mild acid.

    Tannins

    • Dark green or blue color indicates the presence of tannins when ferric chloride is added to a boiled plant extract.

    Volatile Oils

    • Supercritical fluid extraction is NOT mentioned as a method for isolating volatile oils.

    Tannin Biological Activity

    • Anti-inflammatory activity is NOT associated with the biological activity of tannins.

    Volatile Oils in Plants

    • Specialized cells in Piperaceae are modified to contain volatile oils.

    Tannins in Pharmaceuticals

    • Antioxidant properties are a use of tannins in pharmaceuticals, NOT mentioned in the list.

    Water Distillation

    • All substances that can be subjected to water distillation have the ability to vaporize without decomposition.

    Destructive Distillation

    • The primary outcome of destructive distillation is the production of a complex mixture of products, including charcoal.

    Volatile Oils

    • Volatile oils are soluble in organic solvents, a true statement about volatile oils.

    Plant Material Preparation

    • Comminuting tough materials like barks and seeds is done to increase the surface area for extraction, facilitating efficient extraction.

    Citrus Oil Extraction

    • Expression is a specific method used for extracting citrus oils.

    Eucalyptus Oil Therapeutic Application

    • Eucalyptus oil is used for respiratory ailments, a therapeutic application.

    Volatile Oil Identification

    • Gas chromatography is NOT a method for identifying volatile oils.

    Refractive Index of Essential Oils

    • The refractive index range for essential oils like clove oil is 1.50 to 1.55.

    Resin Yield

    • Gum resins increase yield when the plant is injured.

    Specific Resin Types

    • Oleoresins are specifically found only when injury is inflicted on a plant.

    Essential Oil Purity

    • Thin-layer chromatography is a chromatographic method used to check the purity of essential oils.

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    Isolation of Terpenoids, Glycosides, and Alkaloids PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the characteristics and extraction methods of terpenoids and glycosides, highlighting their presence in plants and essential oils. It delves into their medicinal properties, including the role of terpenoids in disease prevention and treatment, particularly in cancer. Test your knowledge about these important botanical compounds and their applications.

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