Questions and Answers
What does 'population' refer to?
What is a sample?
A small portion or part of a population.
What is a parameter in statistics?
A statistic is a value obtained from a population.
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Qualitative data are data which can assume values that manifest the concept of _____
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Quantitative data are data which are _____ in nature.
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What is a discrete variable?
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What is a continuous variable?
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Which of the following examples represents a dependent variable?
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What is a constant in statistics?
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Match the measurement scales with their characteristics:
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Study Notes
Key Terminologies in Statistics
- Population: A large collection of objects, persons, places, or things.
- Sample: A small portion or part of a population, representing a subgroup or subset.
- Parameter: Numerical or nominal characteristics of a population, representing a value obtained from it.
- Statistic: An estimate value derived from a sample, used to make inferences about parameters.
- Data: Facts or observations collected for analysis.
Types of Data
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Qualitative Data: Non-numerical data reflecting attributes or characteristics.
- Examples include favorite colors (e.g., red, blue), cuisine preferences (e.g., Italian), smartphone brands (e.g., Apple), and nationalities (e.g., Filipino).
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Quantitative Data: Numerical data obtained from counting or measuring.
- Examples include the number of students (e.g., 30), heights in centimeters (e.g., 175 cm), annual incomes (e.g., $50,000), and daily temperatures (e.g., 25°C).
Variables
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Discrete Variable: Can assume a finite number of values, measured through counting.
- Examples: Number of cars, number of siblings, number of goals scored in a game.
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Continuous Variable: Can take infinite values within a defined range, measured through quantifiable means.
- Examples: Height, weight, temperature, amount of water, and time.
Relationships Between Variables
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Dependent Variable: Affected by another variable.
- Example: Height of plants influenced by the amount of water given.
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Independent Variable: Influences the dependent variable.
- Example: Hours spent studying impacting test scores.
Constant
- A characteristic of a population that remains unchanged within the group.
Measurement Levels
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Nominal Scale: The simplest form of measurement for identification.
- Examples: Nationality, gender, blood type.
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Ordinal Scale: Data arranged in a specific order or rank.
- Examples: Student rankings, beauty pageant results, shirt sizes.
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Interval Scale: Reflects the difference between objects but lacks a true zero.
- Examples: Examination scores, temperature.
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Ratio Scale: Similar to interval scale but with an absolute zero point, allowing for meaningful ratios.
- Examples: Weight, height, time, and money.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental terms used in statistics, including concepts like population, sample, parameter, and statistic. Understanding these terminologies is crucial for any statistical analysis or study. Test your knowledge on these key definitions and their relevance in the field of statistics.
