Terminologia cinematografica

• Film Terminology
  • Attore/Attrice protagonista: Lead actor/actress, the main character in a film.
  • Comprimario: Supporting actor, plays a secondary role.
  • Regista: Director, the person in charge of the film's artistic and dramatic aspects.
  • Sceneggiatore: Screenwriter, the person who writes the screenplay.
  • Sceneggiatura: Screenplay, the written script of a film.
  • Colonna sonora: Soundtrack, the music accompanying a film.
  • Doppiaggio: Dubbing, replacing the original voices with voices in another language.
  • Sottotitoli: Subtitles, text displayed at the bottom of the screen translating the dialogue.
  • Inquadratura: Shot, a single piece of film uninterrupted by cuts.
  • Montaggio: Editing, the process of assembling video clips into a coherent sequence.
  • Effetti speciali: Special effects, techniques used to create illusions in film.
  • Flashback: A scene that interrupts the present to show an event that happened earlier.
  • Primo piano: Close-up, a shot that tightly frames a person or object.
  • Campo lungo: Long shot, a shot that shows the subject from a distance.
  • Generi cinematografici: Film genres, categories of film based on narrative elements, aesthetics, or emotional response (e.g., commedia, drammatico, horror, fantascienza).

Music Genres

- *Musica leggera*: Pop music, light and easily accessible music.
- *Cantautore*: Singer-songwriter, a musician who writes and performs their own songs.
- *Musica classica*: Classical music, art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture.
- *Opera lirica*: Opera, a dramatic work in which the actors sing some or all of their parts.
- *Jazz*: A genre of music that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans.
- *Rock*: A genre of popular music that developed in the 1950s.
- *Hip hop*: A genre of music characterized by rhythmic lyrics and sampling.
- *Elettronica*: Electronic music, music produced using electronic instruments.
- *Folk*: Traditional or popular music that reflects the culture of a community.
- *Indie*: Independent music, produced independently from commercial record labels.
- *Rap*: A musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular.
- *Trap*: A subgenre of hip hop music that originated in the Southern United States.
- *Metal*: A genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, characterized by aggressive rhythms and amplified sound.

Theater Expressions

- *Andare in scena*: To go on stage, to start performing.
- *Dietro le quinte*: Backstage, the area behind the stage.
- *Fare un figurone*: To make a great impression, to be a hit.
- *Fiasco*: Flop, a complete failure.
- *Standing ovation*: A form of applause where the audience stands while applauding.
- *Prologo*: Prologue, an introductory scene or speech.
- *Epilogo*: Epilogue, a concluding section or speech.
- *Atto*: Act, a major division in a play.
- *Scena*: Scene, a subdivision of an act.
- *Monologo*: Monologue, a long speech by one actor.
- *Dialogo*: Dialogue, conversation between two or more actors.
- *Commedia dell'arte*: A form of Italian comedy characterized by masked characters and improvisation.
- *Drammaturgo*: Playwright, the author of a play.
- *Regista teatrale*: Stage director, the person who directs a play.
- *Spettatore*: Spectator, audience member.

Cultural References

- *La Dolce Vita*: The sweet life, a life of pleasure and luxury.
- *Il Sorpasso*: The overtaking, a metaphor for surpassing limits.
- *Umanesimo*: Humanism, a philosophical stance that emphasizes the potential and agency of human beings.
- *Rinascimento*: Renaissance, a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity.
- *Neorealismo*: Neorealism, a post-World War II film movement that focused on realistic portrayals of everyday life.
- *Settimana Enigmistica*: A popular Italian puzzle magazine.
- *Ferragosto*: A public holiday celebrated on August 15th.
- *Carnevale*: Carnival, a festive season before Lent.
- *Presepe*: Nativity scene, a depiction of the birth of Jesus.
- *Panettone/Pandoro*: Traditional Italian sweet breads eaten during Christmas and New Year.
- *Made in Italy*: A mark of origin that guarantees the Italian origin, manufacturing and branding of a product.
- *Slow Food*: A global movement that promotes local food and traditional cooking.
- *Movida*: Nightlife, particularly in Spain and Italy.

Literary Devices

- *Metafora*: Metaphor, a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
- *Similitudine*: Simile, a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid.
- *Personificazione*: Personification, the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.
- *Allitterazione*: Alliteration, the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.
- *Anastrofe*: Anastrope, the inversion of the usual order of words or clauses.
- *Antitesi*: Antithesis, a contrast or opposition between things.
- *Iperbole*: Hyperbole, exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
- *Litote*: Litotes, ironic understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary.
- *Ossimoro*: Oxymoron, a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction
- *Paronomasia*: Pun, a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings.
- *Sineddoche*: Synecdoche, a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa.
- *Ironia*: Irony, the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.
- *Analessi*: Flashback, an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point.
- *Prolessi*: Flashforward, an interjected scene that temporarily jumps the narrative forward in time.
- *Ellissi*: Ellipsis, the omission from speech or writing of a word or words that are superfluous or able to be understood from contextual clues.