Lecture 19

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the study of birth defects?

  • Genetic anomalies
  • Teratology (correct)
  • Teratogen
  • Abnormal embryonic development

What is a teratogen?

  • A genetic disorder
  • A substance that prevents birth defects
  • A substance that induces or amplifies abnormal embryonic or fetal development (correct)
  • A type of virus that causes birth defects

Which of the following is an example of an infectious agent that can cause birth defects?

  • Genetic mutation
  • Hormonal imbalance
  • Ionizing radiation
  • Cytomegalovirus (correct)

What is the effect of ionizing radiation on the conceptus?

<p>It can produce any type of birth defect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a maternal condition that can cause birth defects?

<p>Hormonal imbalance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a numerical chromosomal abnormality?

<p>Trisomy 21 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of a mutation?

<p>A change in the function of a gene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a genetic cause of birth defects?

<p>Trisomy 21 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the study of the causes of birth defects?

<p>Teratology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a physical teratogen?

<p>Ionizing radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of malformations?

<p>Environmental and genetic factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical time period during which most malformations occur?

<p>During the 3rd/8th weeks of gestation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an intrinsically abnormal developmental process?

<p>Malformation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a morphologic defect that results from exposure to teratogens?

<p>Disruption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of clubfeet (equinovarus)?

<p>Compression in the amniotic cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an abnormal form, shape, or position of a part of the body?

<p>Deformation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mechanical forces on the body?

<p>Deformation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a partial disruption of the abdominal wall in the area supplied by the right omphalo-mesenteric artery?

<p>Gastroschisis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fetal constraint associated with oligohydramnios?

<p>Deformation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal development of an organ or part of an organ?

<p>Malformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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