Lecture 19
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the study of birth defects?

  • Genetic anomalies
  • Teratology (correct)
  • Teratogen
  • Abnormal embryonic development
  • What is a teratogen?

  • A genetic disorder
  • A substance that prevents birth defects
  • A substance that induces or amplifies abnormal embryonic or fetal development (correct)
  • A type of virus that causes birth defects
  • Which of the following is an example of an infectious agent that can cause birth defects?

  • Genetic mutation
  • Hormonal imbalance
  • Ionizing radiation
  • Cytomegalovirus (correct)
  • What is the effect of ionizing radiation on the conceptus?

    <p>It can produce any type of birth defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a maternal condition that can cause birth defects?

    <p>Hormonal imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a numerical chromosomal abnormality?

    <p>Trisomy 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of a mutation?

    <p>A change in the function of a gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a genetic cause of birth defects?

    <p>Trisomy 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the study of the causes of birth defects?

    <p>Teratology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a physical teratogen?

    <p>Ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of malformations?

    <p>Environmental and genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical time period during which most malformations occur?

    <p>During the 3rd/8th weeks of gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an intrinsically abnormal developmental process?

    <p>Malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a morphologic defect that results from exposure to teratogens?

    <p>Disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of clubfeet (equinovarus)?

    <p>Compression in the amniotic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an abnormal form, shape, or position of a part of the body?

    <p>Deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mechanical forces on the body?

    <p>Deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a partial disruption of the abdominal wall in the area supplied by the right omphalo-mesenteric artery?

    <p>Gastroschisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of fetal constraint associated with oligohydramnios?

    <p>Deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal development of an organ or part of an organ?

    <p>Malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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