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Questions and Answers
Which structure is important to the study of occlusion?
Which structure is important to the study of occlusion?
- Gingival sulcus
- Temporomandibular ligament (correct)
- Styloglossus muscle
- Lingual frenulum
What should be restored in harmony with both dynamic and static conditions in restorative procedures?
What should be restored in harmony with both dynamic and static conditions in restorative procedures?
- Alveolar bone density
- Gingival contour
- Occlusal contact relationships (correct)
- Incisive papilla
What is the primary purpose of ensuring that maxillary and mandibular teeth contact uniformly on closing?
What is the primary purpose of ensuring that maxillary and mandibular teeth contact uniformly on closing?
- To minimize trauma to the supporting structures (correct)
- To reduce incisal wear
- To prevent gingival recession
- To enhance speech articulation
What may be associated with undesirable changes as a result of malocclusion?
What may be associated with undesirable changes as a result of malocclusion?
What does the chapter review in relation to mandibular movement?
What does the chapter review in relation to mandibular movement?
What concept is introduced in the chapter regarding occlusion?
What concept is introduced in the chapter regarding occlusion?
What is the primary consequence of most restorative procedures that affect occlusal surfaces?
What is the primary consequence of most restorative procedures that affect occlusal surfaces?
Which term refers to undesirable changes to the teeth, musculature, temporomandibular joints, or periodontium?
Which term refers to undesirable changes to the teeth, musculature, temporomandibular joints, or periodontium?
What should proper dental care ensure in relation to functional occlusal contact relationships?
What should proper dental care ensure in relation to functional occlusal contact relationships?
What do most restorative procedures aim to restore in harmony with both dynamic and static conditions?
What do most restorative procedures aim to restore in harmony with both dynamic and static conditions?
Which condition may be associated with undesirable changes due to malocclusion?
Which condition may be associated with undesirable changes due to malocclusion?
What do maxillary and mandibular teeth need to do on closing for optimal function?
What do maxillary and mandibular teeth need to do on closing for optimal function?
What is the primary purpose of the retrodiscal pad in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
What is the primary purpose of the retrodiscal pad in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
Which condition is considered Angle class I orthodontic relationship?
Which condition is considered Angle class I orthodontic relationship?
What determines the protrusive movement of the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors?
What determines the protrusive movement of the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors?
What is the function of temporomandibular ligaments in restricting joint movement?
What is the function of temporomandibular ligaments in restricting joint movement?
What determines the lateral and upward movement on the laterotrusive side during lateral movement in the frontal plane?
What determines the lateral and upward movement on the laterotrusive side during lateral movement in the frontal plane?
What is limited by structures anterior to the mastoid process forcing translation?
What is limited by structures anterior to the mastoid process forcing translation?
Which muscles are responsible for mandibular movements?
Which muscles are responsible for mandibular movements?
$Centric$ relation is independent of what factor?
$Centric$ relation is independent of what factor?
$Translation$ component of complex three dimensional mandibular movement involves motion at which point(s)?
$Translation$ component of complex three dimensional mandibular movement involves motion at which point(s)?
Which ligament restricts joint movement due to its inability to be stretched significantly?
Which ligament restricts joint movement due to its inability to be stretched significantly?
What does Angle class I orthodontic relationship indicate in terms of anterior teeth overlap?
What does Angle class I orthodontic relationship indicate in terms of anterior teeth overlap?
What determines a purely rotational movement in the sagittal plane?
What determines a purely rotational movement in the sagittal plane?
What are the components of TMJ?
What are the components of TMJ?
Explain the mandibular movements in three planes for analysis.
Explain the mandibular movements in three planes for analysis.
Mention the terminal landmarks on Posselt’s chart.
Mention the terminal landmarks on Posselt’s chart.
What is the primary purpose of ensuring that maxillary and mandibular teeth contact uniformly on closing?
What is the primary purpose of ensuring that maxillary and mandibular teeth contact uniformly on closing?
What are the primary consequences of most restorative procedures that affect occlusal surfaces?
What are the primary consequences of most restorative procedures that affect occlusal surfaces?
What determines the protrusive movement of the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors?
What determines the protrusive movement of the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors?
What ligament restricts joint movement due to its inability to be stretched significantly?
What ligament restricts joint movement due to its inability to be stretched significantly?
What determines the lateral and upward movement on the laterotrusive side during lateral movement in the frontal plane?
What determines the lateral and upward movement on the laterotrusive side during lateral movement in the frontal plane?
What is limited by structures anterior to the mastoid process, forcing translation?
What is limited by structures anterior to the mastoid process, forcing translation?
What is the primary purpose of the retrodiscal pad in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
What is the primary purpose of the retrodiscal pad in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
What is limited by structures anterior to the mastoid process, forcing translation?
What is limited by structures anterior to the mastoid process, forcing translation?
What determines a purely rotational movement in the sagittal plane?
What determines a purely rotational movement in the sagittal plane?
What is the function of the retrodiscal pad in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
What is the function of the retrodiscal pad in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
What structure restricts joint movement due to its inability to be stretched significantly?
What structure restricts joint movement due to its inability to be stretched significantly?
What determines the lateral and upward movement on the laterotrusive side during lateral movement in the frontal plane?
What determines the lateral and upward movement on the laterotrusive side during lateral movement in the frontal plane?
What is the primary consequence of most restorative procedures that affect occlusal surfaces?
What is the primary consequence of most restorative procedures that affect occlusal surfaces?
What determines the protrusive movement of the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors?
What determines the protrusive movement of the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors?
What are the posterior determinants of mandibular movement?
What are the posterior determinants of mandibular movement?
What is limited by structures anterior to the mastoid process forcing translation?
What is limited by structures anterior to the mastoid process forcing translation?
Which ligament restricts joint movement due to its inability to be stretched significantly?
Which ligament restricts joint movement due to its inability to be stretched significantly?
What is CENTRIC RELATION independent of?
What is CENTRIC RELATION independent of?
What does Angle class I orthodontic relationship indicate in terms of anterior teeth overlap?
What does Angle class I orthodontic relationship indicate in terms of anterior teeth overlap?
What may be associated with undesirable changes as a result of malocclusion?
What may be associated with undesirable changes as a result of malocclusion?
Which condition is considered Angle class I orthodontic relationship?
Which condition is considered Angle class I orthodontic relationship?
Proper dental care ensures that functional occlusal contact relationships are restored in harmony with both dynamic and static conditions. Maxillary and mandibular teeth should contact uniformly on closing to allow optimal function, minimize trauma to the supporting structures, and allow for uniform load distribution throughout the ______.
Proper dental care ensures that functional occlusal contact relationships are restored in harmony with both dynamic and static conditions. Maxillary and mandibular teeth should contact uniformly on closing to allow optimal function, minimize trauma to the supporting structures, and allow for uniform load distribution throughout the ______.
Most restorative procedures affect the shape of the occlusal surfaces. The malocclusion may be associated with undesirable changes to the teeth, the musculature, the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), or the ______.
Most restorative procedures affect the shape of the occlusal surfaces. The malocclusion may be associated with undesirable changes to the teeth, the musculature, the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), or the ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The malocclusion may be associated with undesirable changes to the teeth, the musculature, the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), or the ______.
The malocclusion may be associated with undesirable changes to the teeth, the musculature, the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), or the ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal ______.
The major components of the TMJs: cranial base, mandible, muscles of mastication with their innervation and vascular supply. An articular disk separates the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone from the condylar process of the mandible. The articular disk consists of avascular dense connective tissue. it is attached (posteriorly) to loose highly vascularized and innervated connective tissue: the retrodiscal pad. Medially and laterally, the articular disk is attached firmly to the poles of the condylar process. Anteriorly, it fuses with the capsule and with the superior lateral pterygoid muscle. Superior and inferior to the articular disk are two spaces: the superior and inferior synovial cavities. Ligaments The body of the mandible is attached to the base of the skull by muscles and three paired ligaments: temporomandibular ligaments Sphenomandibular ligaments stylomandibular ligaments Ligaments cannot be stretched significantly, and thus joint movement is limited. Musculature Several muscles are responsible for mandibular movements. muscles of mastication suprahyoid muscles. The muscles of mastication: Temporal muscle Masseter muscle Medial pterygoid muscle Lateral pterygoid muscle The suprahyoid muscles: Geniohyoid muscle Mylohyoid muscle digastric muscle Dentition The maxillary and mandibular teeth contact simultaneously when the condylar processes are fully seated in the mandibular fossae, and the teeth do not interfere with harmonious movement of the mandible during function. Ideally, in the fully bilateral seated position of the condyle–articular disk assemblies, the maxillary and mandibular teeth exhibit maximum intercuspation. These functional cusps can then act as stops for vertical closure without excessively loading any one tooth, while left and right TMJs concurrently are in an unstrained position. Dentition If the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar, the orthodontic relationship is considered Angle class I. In such a relationship, the anterior teeth overlap both horizontally and vertically: Horizontal overlap 2mm overjet Vertical overlap 2mm overbite CENTRIC RELATION Centric relation is defined as the maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respective articular disks with the complex in the anterosuperior position against the shapes of the articular eminences. This position is independent of tooth contact. MANDIBULAR MOVEMENT As any other movement in space, complex three dimensional mandibular movement can be divided into two basic components: Translation, in which all points within a body have identical motion, Rotation, in which the body is turning about an axis. Every possible three-dimensional movement can be described in terms of these two components Reference Planes It is easier to understand mandibular movement when the components are described as projections in three perpendicular planes: Sagittal, Horizontal, Frontal. Reference Planes (Sagittal Plane ) In the sagittal plane, the mandible is capable of a purely rotational movement, as well as translation. Rotation occurs around the terminal hinge axis, an imaginary horizontal line through the rotational centers of the left and right condylar processes. The rotational movement is limited to about 12 mm of incisor separation before the temporomandibular ligaments and structures anterior to the mastoid process force the mandible to translate.
The major components of the TMJs: cranial base, mandible, muscles of mastication with their innervation and vascular supply. An articular disk separates the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone from the condylar process of the mandible. The articular disk consists of avascular dense connective tissue. it is attached (posteriorly) to loose highly vascularized and innervated connective tissue: the retrodiscal pad. Medially and laterally, the articular disk is attached firmly to the poles of the condylar process. Anteriorly, it fuses with the capsule and with the superior lateral pterygoid muscle. Superior and inferior to the articular disk are two spaces: the superior and inferior synovial cavities. Ligaments The body of the mandible is attached to the base of the skull by muscles and three paired ligaments: temporomandibular ligaments Sphenomandibular ligaments stylomandibular ligaments Ligaments cannot be stretched significantly, and thus joint movement is limited. Musculature Several muscles are responsible for mandibular movements. muscles of mastication suprahyoid muscles. The muscles of mastication: Temporal muscle Masseter muscle Medial pterygoid muscle Lateral pterygoid muscle The suprahyoid muscles: Geniohyoid muscle Mylohyoid muscle digastric muscle Dentition The maxillary and mandibular teeth contact simultaneously when the condylar processes are fully seated in the mandibular fossae, and the teeth do not interfere with harmonious movement of the mandible during function. Ideally, in the fully bilateral seated position of the condyle–articular disk assemblies, the maxillary and mandibular teeth exhibit maximum intercuspation. These functional cusps can then act as stops for vertical closure without excessively loading any one tooth, while left and right TMJs concurrently are in an unstrained position. Dentition If the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar, the orthodontic relationship is considered Angle class I. In such a relationship, the anterior teeth overlap both horizontally and vertically: Horizontal overlap 2mm overjet Vertical overlap 2mm overbite CENTRIC RELATION Centric relation is defined as the maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respective articular disks with the complex in the anterosuperior position against the shapes of the articular eminences. This position is independent of tooth contact. MANDIBULAR MOVEMENT As any other movement in space, complex three dimensional mandibular movement can be divided into two basic components: Translation, in which all points within a body have identical motion, Rotation, in which the body is turning about an axis. Every possible three-dimensional movement can be described in terms of these two components Reference Planes It is easier to understand mandibular movement when the components are described as projections in three perpendicular planes: Sagittal, Horizontal, Frontal. Reference Planes (Sagittal Plane ) In the sagittal plane, the mandible is capable of a purely rotational movement, as well as translation. Rotation occurs around the terminal hinge axis, an imaginary horizontal line through the rotational centers of the left and right condylar processes. The rotational movement is limited to about 12 mm of incisor separation before the temporomandibular ligaments and structures anterior to the mastoid process force the mandible to translate.
The articular disk consists of avascular dense connective tissue. it is attached (posteriorly) to loose highly vascularized and innervated connective tissue: the retrodiscal pad. Medially and laterally, the articular disk is attached firmly to the poles of the condylar process. Anteriorly, it fuses with the capsule and with the superior lateral pterygoid muscle. Superior and inferior to the articular disk are two spaces: the superior and inferior synovial cavities. Ligaments The body of the mandible is attached to the base of the skull by muscles and three paired ______: temporomandibular ______ Sphenomandibular ______ stylomandibular ______ Ligaments cannot be stretched significantly, and thus joint movement is limited. Musculature Several muscles are responsible for mandibular movements. muscles of mastication suprahyoid muscles. The muscles of mastication: Temporal muscle Masseter muscle Medial pterygoid muscle Lateral pterygoid muscle The suprahyoid muscles: Geniohyoid muscle Mylohyoid muscle digastric muscle Dentition The maxillary and mandibular teeth contact simultaneously when the condylar processes are fully seated in the mandibular fossae, and the teeth do not interfere with harmonious movement of the mandible during function. Ideally, in the fully bilateral seated position of the condyle–articular disk assemblies, the maxillary and mandibular teeth exhibit maximum intercuspation. These functional cusps can then act as stops for vertical closure without excessively loading any one tooth, while left and right TMJs concurrently are in an unstrained position. Dentition If the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar, the orthodontic relationship is considered Angle class I. In such a relationship, the anterior teeth overlap both horizontally and vertically: Horizontal overlap 2mm overjet Vertical overlap 2mm overbite CENTRIC RELATION Centric relation is defined as the maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respective articular disks with the complex in the anterosuperior position against the shapes of the articular eminences. This position is independent of tooth contact.
The articular disk consists of avascular dense connective tissue. it is attached (posteriorly) to loose highly vascularized and innervated connective tissue: the retrodiscal pad. Medially and laterally, the articular disk is attached firmly to the poles of the condylar process. Anteriorly, it fuses with the capsule and with the superior lateral pterygoid muscle. Superior and inferior to the articular disk are two spaces: the superior and inferior synovial cavities. Ligaments The body of the mandible is attached to the base of the skull by muscles and three paired ______: temporomandibular ______ Sphenomandibular ______ stylomandibular ______ Ligaments cannot be stretched significantly, and thus joint movement is limited. Musculature Several muscles are responsible for mandibular movements. muscles of mastication suprahyoid muscles. The muscles of mastication: Temporal muscle Masseter muscle Medial pterygoid muscle Lateral pterygoid muscle The suprahyoid muscles: Geniohyoid muscle Mylohyoid muscle digastric muscle Dentition The maxillary and mandibular teeth contact simultaneously when the condylar processes are fully seated in the mandibular fossae, and the teeth do not interfere with harmonious movement of the mandible during function. Ideally, in the fully bilateral seated position of the condyle–articular disk assemblies, the maxillary and mandibular teeth exhibit maximum intercuspation. These functional cusps can then act as stops for vertical closure without excessively loading any one tooth, while left and right TMJs concurrently are in an unstrained position. Dentition If the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar, the orthodontic relationship is considered Angle class I. In such a relationship, the anterior teeth overlap both horizontally and vertically: Horizontal overlap 2mm overjet Vertical overlap 2mm overbite CENTRIC RELATION Centric relation is defined as the maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respective articular disks with the complex in the anterosuperior position against the shapes of the articular eminences. This position is independent of tooth contact.
Study Notes
Occlusion
- The structure important to the study of occlusion is the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ).
- In restorative procedures, the goal is to restore harmony between dynamic and static conditions.
- Ensuring uniform contact between maxillary and mandibular teeth on closing is crucial for optimal function, minimizing trauma to supporting structures, and allowing for uniform load distribution throughout the periodontium.
Mandibular Movement
- Mandibular movement can be analyzed in three planes: sagittal, horizontal, and frontal.
- The protrusive movement of the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors is determined by the anterior guidance of the maxillary and mandibular teeth.
- The lateral and upward movement on the laterotrusive side during lateral movement in the frontal plane is determined by the medial pterygoid muscle.
- The primary purpose of the retrodiscal pad in the TMJ is to cushion the condylar process during movement.
- Translation component of complex three-dimensional mandibular movement involves motion at the condylar process.
TMJ
- The TMJ consists of the cranial base, mandible, muscles of mastication with their innervation and vascular supply.
- The articular disk separates the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone from the condylar process of the mandible.
- The articular disk is attached to the retrodiscal pad, a loose, highly vascularized and innervated connective tissue.
- The retrodiscal pad cushions the condylar process during movement.
Ligaments
- Temporomandibular ligaments, sphenomandibular ligaments, and stylomandibular ligaments restrict joint movement due to their inability to be stretched significantly.
- These ligaments attach the body of the mandible to the base of the skull.
Muscles
- Muscles responsible for mandibular movements include the muscles of mastication (temporal, masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid) and the suprahyoid muscles (geniohyoid, mylohyoid, and digastric).
Dentition
- In the fully bilateral seated position of the condyle–articular disk assemblies, the maxillary and mandibular teeth exhibit maximum intercuspation.
- The optimal relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth is considered Angle class I, characterized by horizontal overlap (2mm overjet) and vertical overlap (2mm overbite).
Centric Relation
- Centric relation is defined as the maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respective articular disks with the complex in the anterosuperior position against the shapes of the articular eminences.
- This position is independent of tooth contact.
Malocclusion
- Malocclusion may be associated with undesirable changes to the teeth, musculature, temporomandibular joints (TMJs), or periodontium.
- The concept of ideal versus pathologic occlusion is introduced, as is the history of occlusal development.
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Test your knowledge on the anatomy of temporomandibular joints (TMJs). This quiz covers the major components including the cranial base, mandible, muscles of mastication, innervation, vascular supply, and the structure of the articular disk.
