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Questions and Answers
Which of the following networks is designed to cover larger geographical areas?
Which of the following networks is designed to cover larger geographical areas?
- Campus Area Network (CAN)
- Local Area Network (LAN)
- Wide Area Network (WAN) (correct)
- Personal Area Network (PAN)
What is a key characteristic of the internet as a Wide Area Network?
What is a key characteristic of the internet as a Wide Area Network?
- It typically operates within a single building.
- It allows communication across the globe. (correct)
- It uses only Ethernet technology.
- It is restricted to private use only.
Which generation of digital communication does not include the transition from 1G to 5G?
Which generation of digital communication does not include the transition from 1G to 5G?
- 6G (correct)
- 1G
- 4G
- 2G
What is a fundamental concept of information theory?
What is a fundamental concept of information theory?
Which of these data representation methods is not typically associated with digital communication?
Which of these data representation methods is not typically associated with digital communication?
What component is responsible for converting information into an electrical form, known as a message signal?
What component is responsible for converting information into an electrical form, known as a message signal?
Which topology features a central node that connects all other nodes in a network?
Which topology features a central node that connects all other nodes in a network?
In a Point-to-Point (P2P) topology, how are the nodes connected?
In a Point-to-Point (P2P) topology, how are the nodes connected?
Which component's function is to recover the message signal after it has been transmitted?
Which component's function is to recover the message signal after it has been transmitted?
What is a characteristic feature of Point-to-Multipoint topology?
What is a characteristic feature of Point-to-Multipoint topology?
What does a sink represent in a data communication network?
What does a sink represent in a data communication network?
What is the role of the transmitter in a data communication system?
What is the role of the transmitter in a data communication system?
Which of the following statements about channel in data communication is true?
Which of the following statements about channel in data communication is true?
What are the key technologies that have contributed to the 4G generation?
What are the key technologies that have contributed to the 4G generation?
Which of the following statements best describes 5G technology?
Which of the following statements best describes 5G technology?
What form does digital data take?
What form does digital data take?
In the context of digital communication, what does binary code represent?
In the context of digital communication, what does binary code represent?
What concept does information theory primarily focus on according to Claude Shannon?
What concept does information theory primarily focus on according to Claude Shannon?
What defines the process of data communication?
What defines the process of data communication?
Which standard is associated with 4G communication technology?
Which standard is associated with 4G communication technology?
Which of the following accurately represents analog data?
Which of the following accurately represents analog data?
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Study Notes
4th Generation (4G) and 5th Generation (5G)
- Key technologies include Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).
- Important 4G standards are WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and LTE (Long-Term Evolution).
- 5G offers data transfer speeds up to 10 times faster than 4G.
- Supports emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous systems, and beamforming.
Data Representation
- Data can be analog (continuous information) or digital (discrete values).
- Analog example: human voice.
- Digital data consists of bits (1’s and 0’s) representing files, information, or instructions.
- Digital communication involves transmitting data bits through signals, often using binary code formats like ASCII.
Information Theory
- Coined by Claude Shannon, focuses on representation and limitations in the transmission and processing of information.
- Distinct from communication theory, which is more about device operation.
Data Communication
- Refers to exchanging data between a source and a receiver over a network.
Network Types
- Wide Area Networks (WANs) cover large areas, such as countries or globally (e.g., the Internet).
- Local Area Networks (LANs) focus on smaller geographical areas, such as buildings or campuses (e.g., Ethernet, token ring networks).
Data Communication Model
- Consists of multiple components for data exchange:
- Source: Generates the information (e.g., computers, smartphones).
- Source Encoder: Converts information into electrical message signals (e.g., modem).
- Transmitter: Converts message signals for the channel (e.g., amplifiers, antennas).
- Channel: Path connecting transmitter and receiver (e.g., wires or radio frequencies).
- Receiver: Recovers the message signal (e.g., filters, antennas).
- Source Decoder: Converts electrical signals back for the receiver (e.g., modem).
- Sink: Final user of the information (e.g., computers, smartphones).
Data Communications Network Topology
- Point-to-Point (P2P): Direct connection between two nodes.
- Point-to-Multipoint: One node connects to multiple nodes individually.
- Star Topology: All nodes connect to a central hub in a P2P manner.
- Tree Topology: Branching connections of multiple buses without closed loops.
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