5 Questions
What is the function of the Base station (eNode-B) in 4G LTE architecture?
Manages wireless radio resources and mobile devices in its coverage area
What is the role of the User Equipment (UE) in 4G LTE?
Manages wireless radio resources and mobile devices in its coverage area
What is the function of the Mobility Management Entity (MME) in 4G LTE?
Handles signaling between the mobile device (UE) and the evolved Node B (eNode-B)
What is the purpose of the Home Subscriber Service (HSS) in 4G LTE architecture?
Serves as the home location register for subscriber-related data
What is the function of the Serving Gateway (S-GW) in 4G LTE?
Routes data packets to and from the mobile device
Study Notes
Cellular Networks
- 4G/5G cellular networks enable widespread deployment and use of mobile Internet, with more mobile-broadband-connected devices than fixed-broadband-connected devices (5:1 in 2019).
4G Availability and Technical Standards
- 4G availability: 97% of the time in Korea and 90% in the US
- Transmission rates up to 100's Mbps
- Technical standards: 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) - www.3gpp.org
- 4G standard: Long-Term Evolution (LTE)
Similarities to Wired Internet
- Edge/core distinction, but both belong to the same carrier
- Global cellular network: a network of networks
- Widespread use of protocols:
- HTTP
- DNS
- TCP
- UDP
- IP
- NAT
- Separation of data/control planes
- SDN
- Ethernet
- Tunneling
Differences from Wired Internet
- Different wireless link layer
- Mobility as a 1st class service
- User "identity" (via SIM card)
- Business model: users subscribe to a cellular provider
- Strong notion of "home network" versus roaming on visited nets
- Global access, with authentication infrastructure, and inter-carrier settlements
Elements of 4G LTE Architecture
- Mobile device:
- Smartphone
- Tablet
- Laptop
- IoT
Test your knowledge about 4G and 5G cellular networks, including their technical standards, transmission rates, and availability in different regions. Explore the similarities to wired internet and the increasing trend of mobile-broadband-connected devices.
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