Tectonic Hazards: Volcanoes, Earthquakes

• Tectonic hazards arise from the movement of Earth's tectonic plates.

Tectonic Hazards

• These movements can cause plates to collide, separate, or slide past each other.
• Examples include earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Volcanoes

• Volcanoes are openings in Earth's crust that allow molten rock, ash, and gases to escape.
• Shield volcanoes have broad, gentle slopes, like Mauna Loa.
• Stratovolcanoes are steep and prone to explosive eruptions, such as Mount St. Helens.

Montserrat Case Study

• Montserrat is a Caribbean island.
• The Soufrière Hills volcano erupted in 1995.
• The eruption led to evacuations and the destruction of Plymouth, the capital.
• It also caused long-term changes to the island's population and economy.

Earthquakes

• Earthquakes are sudden ground shaking events caused by tectonic plate movement.
• They are measured using the Richter scale or the moment magnitude scale.
• Earthquakes can cause building collapse, landslides, and tsunamis.

Nazi Terror and Control

• The Nazi Party gained power in Germany after World War I.
• They maintained control through fear, violence, and propaganda.
• The Gestapo was the secret police force that enforced Nazi laws and suppressed opposition.

Propaganda

• Propaganda is used to promote specific causes or viewpoints.
• It was used to persuade the public to support the Nazi regime.
• Methods included posters, films, and rallies to spread Nazi ideology.

Opposition to the Nazis

• Opposition came from groups including communists, socialists, and religious leaders.
• Opposition was dangerous.
• Many opponents were arrested or executed.
• The White Rose group distributed anti-Nazi leaflets.

Schools in Nazi Germany

• School curriculums were altered to teach Nazi ideology.
• Emphasis was placed on loyalty to Hitler.
• Children were taught to be proud of their Aryan heritage.
• Teachers had to be Nazi Party members and promote Nazi values.

Nazi Youth Movements

• The Hitler Youth was an organization for boys aged 14-18.
• It focused on military training and Nazi ideology.
• The League of German Girls was meant for girls.
• It emphasized traditional roles and prepared them for motherhood.
• The purpose of both was to instill loyalty to Hitler and prepare future generations for Nazi ideals.