Técnicas de Entrevista Emocional

Emotional Interviewing Techniques

Emotional interviewing is a method used by professionals such as detectives, therapists, and human resources personnel to elicit information from individuals in a variety of settings. This approach aims to understand the emotional state of interviewees while extracting facts, thoughts, feelings, memories, and experiences. By focusing on emotions rather than just facts, this technique can lead to deeper insights and a more complete understanding of the subject's perspective.

The primary objective of emotional interviewing is to create a safe environment where people feel free to express themselves openly. It encourages the interviewer to listen attentively, validate the person's emotions, and develop empathy towards their situation. There are several techniques that professionals use when employing emotional interviewing:

Active Listening

Active listening is a crucial component of emotional interviewing. It involves giving full attention to the person speaking, listening carefully to their words, and asking questions to clarify any ambiguities or misunderstandings. By actively listening, interviewers demonstrate respect and empathy, which helps build trust and rapport with the interviewee.

Open-Ended Questions

Open-ended questions are used during emotional interviews to encourage the speaker to share detailed information without influencing their answers with preconceived ideas. These questions usually begin with "what," "how," "why," or "tell me." They allow the speaker to explore their thoughts and feelings in depth, providing valuable insights into their emotions and beliefs. Examples of open-ended questions include:

• What were you feeling during that incident?
• How did it make you feel?
• Why do you think that happened?
• Tell me about your experience.

Validating Emotions

Validating the interviewee's emotions involves acknowledging and accepting their feelings without judgment. It helps them feel understood and builds trust between the two parties. By validating their emotions, interviewers show respect and appreciation for their perspectives, which fosters openness and honesty in future conversations.

Reflective Listening

Reflective listening involves summarizing and paraphrasing what the interviewee has said to demonstrate understanding and ensure accurate comprehension. It shows the speaker that their words have been heard and provides them a chance to correct any misinterpretations or clarify ambiguous statements. For example, if someone says, "I was really scared," a reflective response could be, "So, you felt fearful?"

Empathy Building

Empathy building involves showing genuine interest and concern for the interviewee's emotions, experiences, and thoughts. It helps create an environment where people feel comfortable sharing their feelings openly. By understanding the emotional context of someone's words, interviewers can develop empathy towards the person's situation, which enhances communication and builds rapport.

In conclusion, emotional interviewing is a valuable method used by professionals to understand individuals better. By focusing on emotions rather than just facts, it provides deeper insights into a subject's perspective. Techniques like active listening, open-ended questions, validating emotions, reflective listening, and empathy building are essential components of emotional interviewing that help build trust, foster openness, and encourage honest conversations.