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Questions and Answers
Moore's Law predicts that the number of transistors on a computer chip will double every three years.
Moore's Law predicts that the number of transistors on a computer chip will double every three years.
False
Metcalfe's Law states that the value or power of a network grows linearly as the number of members increases.
Metcalfe's Law states that the value or power of a network grows linearly as the number of members increases.
False
What is the name of the process that revolutionizes the economic structure from within by constantly destroying the old and creating the new?
What is the name of the process that revolutionizes the economic structure from within by constantly destroying the old and creating the new?
Creative Destruction
What does data refer to?
What does data refer to?
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What is the purpose of information?
What is the purpose of information?
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What does knowledge refer to?
What does knowledge refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the DIKAR model?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the DIKAR model?
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What is the main function of a database system?
What is the main function of a database system?
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In a relational database, data can be accessed in many different ways without having to ______ the database tables.
In a relational database, data can be accessed in many different ways without having to ______ the database tables.
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Boolean values can only be "true" or "false".
Boolean values can only be "true" or "false".
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What is the basic function of a system?
What is the basic function of a system?
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What is the process of converting or transforming data into useful outputs called?
What is the process of converting or transforming data into useful outputs called?
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A transaction processing system (TPS) is designed to handle complex business decisions and strategies.
A transaction processing system (TPS) is designed to handle complex business decisions and strategies.
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What is the primary function of a management information system (MIS)?
What is the primary function of a management information system (MIS)?
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What is the primary function of information management (IM)?
What is the primary function of information management (IM)?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of information systems?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of information systems?
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The motherboard is considered the "brain" of a computer system.
The motherboard is considered the "brain" of a computer system.
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Primary memory is used to store data permanently.
Primary memory is used to store data permanently.
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Match the type of memory with its correct description
Match the type of memory with its correct description
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Embedded systems are designed to perform complex tasks and require significant processing power.
Embedded systems are designed to perform complex tasks and require significant processing power.
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What is the name of the combination of a CPU and operating system?
What is the name of the combination of a CPU and operating system?
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Opensource software is always free to use and modify.
Opensource software is always free to use and modify.
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Local Area Networks (LANs) typically cover a large geographical area.
Local Area Networks (LANs) typically cover a large geographical area.
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An intranet is a private network accessible only to people within the organization.
An intranet is a private network accessible only to people within the organization.
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An extranet allows people outside the company to access specific resources within the organization.
An extranet allows people outside the company to access specific resources within the organization.
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What are the three main classifications used for categorizing networks?
What are the three main classifications used for categorizing networks?
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The Ethernet protocol is the primary protocol used on the internet.
The Ethernet protocol is the primary protocol used on the internet.
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What is the primary function of a firewall?
What is the primary function of a firewall?
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What is the general process of becoming affordable and accessible known as?
What is the general process of becoming affordable and accessible known as?
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What does Moore's Law predict?
What does Moore's Law predict?
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What is described as the "gale of creative destruction"?
What is described as the "gale of creative destruction"?
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Data has meaning when processed and in context.
Data has meaning when processed and in context.
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What is the understanding of rules needed to interpret information known as?
What is the understanding of rules needed to interpret information known as?
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What are the two main types of knowledge?
What are the two main types of knowledge?
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What is a structured collection of related data known as?
What is a structured collection of related data known as?
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What is the computer program that manages electronic databases called?
What is the computer program that manages electronic databases called?
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A relational database is a collection of tables from which data can be accessed in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables.
A relational database is a collection of tables from which data can be accessed in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables.
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What are the basic operations in a database?
What are the basic operations in a database?
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What is a set of processes that work together to produce an output called?
What is a set of processes that work together to produce an output called?
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What is the activity of gathering and capturing data known as?
What is the activity of gathering and capturing data known as?
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What is useful information, usually in the form of documents and/or reports called?
What is useful information, usually in the form of documents and/or reports called?
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How many important components do information systems consist of?
How many important components do information systems consist of?
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What is a type of information system that collects, stores, modifies and retrieves the data transactions of an enterprise called?
What is a type of information system that collects, stores, modifies and retrieves the data transactions of an enterprise called?
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What type of information system uses the data collected by the transaction processing system to create reports for managers?
What type of information system uses the data collected by the transaction processing system to create reports for managers?
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What is the collection and management of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences called?
What is the collection and management of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences called?
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What is the main component of a computer system?
What is the main component of a computer system?
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What is the control centre of a computer called?
What is the control centre of a computer called?
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What is the CPU sometimes referred to as?
What is the CPU sometimes referred to as?
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What does the CPU consist of?
What does the CPU consist of?
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What is used to measure the speed of a CPU?
What is used to measure the speed of a CPU?
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What is used to store data during processing?
What is used to store data during processing?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of primary memory?
Which of the following is NOT a type of primary memory?
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What type of memory stores data in a permanent manner?
What type of memory stores data in a permanent manner?
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What is a microcontroller or a microprocessor-based system designed to perform a specific task called?
What is a microcontroller or a microprocessor-based system designed to perform a specific task called?
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What type of hardware do mobile devices have that is similar to those in computers, but optimized for low power environments?
What type of hardware do mobile devices have that is similar to those in computers, but optimized for low power environments?
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What is the combination of a CPU and operating system referred to as?
What is the combination of a CPU and operating system referred to as?
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What type of software is available with its source code, allowing users to study, change, and distribute it?
What type of software is available with its source code, allowing users to study, change, and distribute it?
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Study Notes
Technology Trends
- AI Revolution
- Building the Digital Future
- Compute and Connectivity Frontiers
- Cutting-edge Engineering
- Sustainable World
Convergence
- General process of becoming affordable and accessible
Moore's Law
- Computer chip transistors double every 1.5-2 years
Metcalfe's Law
- Value/power of a network grows exponentially with the number of members
Effects of Metcalfe's Law
- Smaller, cheaper processors
- Larger, more valuable networks
- More applications and growth of IT industry
Digitisation
- Widespread adoption of connected digital services
- By consumers, enterprises and government
- Important role in assisting policymakers to spur economic growth and employment
Creative Destruction
- Process of industrial mutation
- Continuously revolutionizing the economic structure
- Destroying the old and creating new
Data
- Raw facts and figures without inherent meaning
- Meaning emerges when processed and contextualized
Information
- Communication, decision-making, and support for business processes
Knowledge
- Understanding rules needed to interpret information
The DIKAR Model
- "Technology" view: Data -> Information -> Knowledge -> Action
- "Business" view: Data -> Information -> Knowledge -> Action
The RAKID model
- Data -> Information -> Knowledge ->Action
Database
- Structured collection of related data
- Managed by database systems (computer programs)
- Records subdivided into fields
- Including key fields (fields with unique values)
- Primary keys contain no duplicates or blank values
Relational Database
- Collection of tables
- Data accessed in various ways without restructuring
- Boolean values are "true" or "false"
- Basic operations: Design, data entry, queries, reports
System
- Set of processes working together for output
- Inputs: Gathers and captures data
- Processing: Converts data into useful outputs
- Outputs: Usefull information (documents and reports)
- Information systems consist of Hardware, Software, Data, Telecommunications/network, People, and Procedures
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
- Type of information system collecting, storing, modifying, and retrieving enterprise data transactions
- Examples: sales order entry, payroll, shipping
Management Information System (MIS)
- Uses transaction data to create reports for routine business decisions.
- Information Management (IM): Collection, management, and distribution of information from various sources to multiple audiences
Information System Benefits
- Gathering, storing, manipulating, retrieving and communicating business rules
- The motherboard (main component) has a central processing unit (CPU)
- CPU called the “brain”
- Included are arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), control unit, registers
- Measures processing speed in Hertz
- Primary memory includes registers, RAM, and ROM; secondary memory for permanent data storage
Storage Devices
- Three main types: Block, Optical, Flash
- Used to store large amounts of non-volatile data
Mobile Hardware
- Mobile devices have central processing units (CPUs) optimized for low power environments
Levels of Abstraction
- Algorithms, programming languages (high-level/low-level/assembly languages/machine code)
- Convert source code using compilers or interpreters
Operating Systems
- Combine CPU and operating systems to form a platform.
Open-source Software (OSS)
- Software with source code available
- Copyright holder gives study, change and distribution rights with a license
- Open source software often available free under General Public License (GPL)
Network Types
- Local Area Networks (LANs)
- Wide Area Networks (WANs)
- Intranet: Private LAN for internal use
- Extranet: Network connecting people inside and outside the company
Network Classifications
- Topology (layout): Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh
- Protocols: Procedures for transmitting data
- Architecture: Peer-to-Peer, Client-Server
Major Protocols
- Internet protocol (TCP/IP)
- Ethernet
Network Components/Systems
- Firewall, backbones (high-speed data lines)
- InterNetworking (joining of separate networks)
- Packet-switching: the internet's data transmission method
- Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
- Standard language for creating web pages and applications
- Domain names are unique names associated with specific IPs.
- HTTPS: Secure protocol for transferring data.
- Dynamic web pages display different content each view
- Types: client-side and server-side scripts
Cloud Computing
- Network-based computing over the internet
- Characteristics: Remotely hosted, ubiquitous, commodified
E-Commerce
- Business involving information transfer across the internet
Bitcoin
- Currency founded in 2009, using an alias/pseudo name
Strategic Information Systems
- Systems providing competitive advantages
Porter's Five Forces
- Forces influencing competitive analysis
- Threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, rivalry among existing competitors, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products
Search Engine
- Internet tool searching documents/terms/phrases
Search Engine Optimisation (SEO)
- Affecting website visibility in unpaid search results.
Pay-Per-Click (PPC)
- Online advertising where advertisers only pay when users click on their ads.
Computer Security
- Techniques preventing unauthorized access to computer data.
- Factors: Confidentiality, integrity, availability
Security vs. Safety
- Security: Access control (firewalls, antiviruses)
- Safety: Safe email behavior, internet usage
- Logic bomb: Programming instructions that execute when a condition is met (often harmful)
Malicious Software
- Trojan Horse
- Phishing
- Pharming
- Rootkit
IT Architecture Considerations
- Standardization
- Integration
- System development phases (maintenance, implementation, development, design, analysis, initiation)
Waterfall Model
- Classic software lifecycle model (incremental, user-centered)
- Prototyping: Develop a small part of the system iteratively.
Advances in Data Analysis
- Profiling
- Non-obvious relationship awareness
- Mobile device growth
Intellectual Property
- Trade secrets, copyrights, patents
Ethical Principles in Decisions
- Golden Rule, Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative, Descartes' Rule of Change, Utilitarian Principle, Risk Aversion Principle, Ethical "No Free Lunch" Rule
Big Data + Analytics = Smart Data
Data Analytics
- Analyzing data to extract actionable insights for business decisions.
Data Visualization
- Using visual elements (charts, graphs) to represent data clearly.
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Description
Explore the latest trends and innovations in technology, including the AI revolution, Moore's Law, and the impacts of digitization and creative destruction. This quiz examines how these elements converge to shape the digital future and influence economic growth.
