Technological Innovations in Navigation (1450-1750)

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Questions and Answers

Which domesticated animal was NOT brought to the Americas by Europeans?

Pigs

Cats (correct)

Horses

Cattle

What crop was introduced to the Americas primarily through African slaves?

Potatoes

Maize

Wheat

Okra (correct)

Why did certain Asian states adopt restrictive trade policies during the period of European expansion?

To enhance the flow of European goods

To create alliances with European powers

To limit the cultural influence of Europeans (correct)

To increase their trade volume with Africa

What was a significant outcome of African city-states selling enslaved individuals to Europeans?

Wealth accumulation in city-states Signup and view all the answers

Which European ruler was particularly interested in navigational technology?

Prince Henry Signup and view all the answers

What kind of military advantage did African rulers seek when trading enslaved individuals to Europeans?

Procurement of gunpowder and cannons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a reason for the establishment of European trading posts in Africa?

To create profitable trade networks Signup and view all the answers

Which Asian states were noted for their isolationist trade policies?

Ming China and Tokugawa Japan Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant change in agricultural labor between 1450 and 1750?

Expansion of plantation agriculture Signup and view all the answers

Which factor intensified the demand for labor during the 1450-1750 period?

Increasing global demand for raw materials Signup and view all the answers

How did empires influence social structures during the 1450-1750 period?

They increased scope and influence around the world Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major effects of the Atlantic slave trade during the 1450-1750 period?

Growth of plantation systems in the Americas Signup and view all the answers

Which technological advancement is NOT mentioned as facilitating changes during the 1450-1750 period?

Microscope Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of maritime empires between 1450 and 1750?

They expanded the reach of European states across oceans Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between technology and trade during the specified period?

Technological advancements created exploitation opportunities in trading systems Signup and view all the answers

What economic impact did conflicts and disputes have on states during the 1450-1750 period?

They led to increased rivalries and conflicts between states Signup and view all the answers

What major event in 1763 affected French presence in India?

The Seven Years' War Signup and view all the answers

What role did the British East India Company play in the 17th century?

It began a commercial relationship with the Mughal Empire. Signup and view all the answers

Which two countries competed for power on five continents during the 18th century?

France and Great Britain Signup and view all the answers

Which region did the French establish control over in India?

Pondicherry Signup and view all the answers

How did the Asante Empire gain influence during the period referenced?

By participating in trading networks with Europe Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor in Britain's ability to establish its empire from the late 16th century onwards?

Trade routes and naval power Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War?

It drove the French out of India. Signup and view all the answers

During which time period did the competition for colonial power intensify among European nations?

1450 to 1750 Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the interaction between enslaved Africans and Christianity in the Americas?

It led to the formation of a syncretic belief system combining African and Christian practices. Signup and view all the answers

Which ruler is known for forming an alliance with Portugal in exchange for protection against neighboring powers?

Queen Nzinga of Ndongo. Signup and view all the answers

What primary factor contributed to local resistance against state expansion and centralization?

Social, political, and economic opposition by local groups. Signup and view all the answers

Which conflict is associated with localized resistance against a colonial power in the Americas?

The Pueblo Revolts. Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Portuguese looking to expand their power into Africa?

Increased conflict and resistance from African people. Signup and view all the answers

Which event involved Ana Nzinga fleeing due to a breakdown of an alliance?

Her alliance with Portugal. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions did the enslaved Africans take to challenge authorities in the Americas?

They formed secret societies to plan uprisings. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the outcomes of state centralization during the period from 1450 to 1750?

Increased social tensions and resistance from local groups. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant change in economic systems between 1450 and 1750 in the Indian Ocean region?

Expansion of global trade Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a characteristic of colonial economies in the Americas during this time period?

Dependence on agriculture and labor systems Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the mit’a system as exploited by the Spanish Empire?

Forcing natives to work on state projects Signup and view all the answers

What economic factors increased the demand for chattel slavery during this period?

Increased sugar, cotton, and tobacco plantation production Signup and view all the answers

Which labor system was NOT mentioned as part of the colonial economy’s reliance in the Americas?

Feudal serfdom Signup and view all the answers

What played a crucial role in the persistence of traditional economic systems despite change?

Continued reliance on family farming Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable trend regarding merchant activities in the Indian Ocean from 1450 to 1750?

Flourishing of existing trade networks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes indentured servitude during the colonial period?

A system of voluntary labor for a fixed period Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the treatment of Jews in the Ottoman Empire compared to their expulsion from Spain and Portugal?

Jews were accepted and integrated into society in the Ottoman Empire. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the policies against the Han Chinese during Qing China?

The Han Chinese faced harsh discrimination and restrictions. Signup and view all the answers

How did the British Empire in India manage local governance?

Through cooperation with Indian elites granting them authority. Signup and view all the answers

What main social change occurred due to economic developments from 1450 to 1750?

The integration of scientific learning and knowledge from various cultures. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of transoceanic voyaging on global trade between 1450 and 1750?

It transformed trade patterns and increased social impacts worldwide. Signup and view all the answers

What led to the formation of new political and economic elites in the Americas during this period?

Continued imperial conquests and economic opportunities. Signup and view all the answers

Which elite group faced challenges to their power during the emergence of stronger monarchies?

Ottoman timars. Signup and view all the answers

What technological advances contributed to transoceanic travel and trade?

Innovations in ship designs and understanding of wind currents. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Technological Innovations (1450-1750)

Technological advancements in navigation and ship design, such as the improved rudder (from China), compass, and lateen sail, facilitated transoceanic trade and travel.
Muslim navigators' knowledge of determining latitude from the equator was crucial.
The compass, invented in China and adopted by Europeans, was a primary direction-finding device.
The lateen sail (triangle-shaped), crucial for Indian Ocean navigation, significantly affected medieval trade routes.
Gunpowder and navigational technologies (like the compass), facilitated 17th-century exploration, especially for Russia.

New Technologies and Trade (1450-1750)

Navigation techniques and gunpowder diffused across the globe in the 17th century.
Tsar Peter the Great, the Russian ruler, visited Western Europe in 1697 to learn about military and naval technology.
European conquests, Dutch pirates (known as Sea Beggars) used gunpowder effectively.

Lateen Sail

The lateen sail, a triangle-shape, was used by Arab sailors and in the Indian Ocean.
This significantly shaped medieval navigation and trade.
It enabled sailors to travel into larger bodies of water, boosting trade.

Caravel

The caravel was a light sailing ship, essential for exploration in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries in Europe.
It was used by Portuguese explorers for coastal voyages and some long journeys along the coast.

Economic Factors Driving European Exploration

New trade routes.
Newly discovered lands and resources.
The theory of mercantilism.

Economic Outcomes of Exploration

Positive impacts: New trade routes expanded European markets and boosted economic growth.
Negative impacts: Inflation and exploitation of colonies were downsides of exploration.

Comparing Portuguese Trading Post Empire with New World Colonies

In the Indian Ocean, Portuguese trade was a series of trading-post outposts, while in the New World, expansion and colonization were prominent features.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Factors that caused the Columbian Exchange: Population growth in Europe, economics, and ocean-going ships.
Positive Effects in the Western Hemisphere: Increased trade and food production. Negative Effects in the Western Hemisphere: Disease and slavery.
Positive Effects in the Eastern Hemisphere: Economic growth and new foods. Negative Effects in the Eastern Hemisphere: Disease.

Maritime Empires

European states established new trading posts in Africa and Asia.
This proved profitable for rulers and merchants involved in newly formed global trade networks.
Asian states sometimes adopted restrictive/isolationist trade policies to limit the impact of European trade.

Maritime Empires Examples and Policies

Portugal: Established a global trading empire via exploration, trade, and colonization in the 15th and 16th centuries, especially in the southwest of Goa.
Spain: Explored and claimed land west of the Mediterranean, including areas of North America.
The Dutch: Dominated East India trade.
France: Expeditions, exploiting resources leading to settlements in the New world.

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Description

Explore the key technological advancements in navigation and ship design between 1450 and 1750. This quiz covers the impact of inventions like the improved rudder, compass, and lateen sail, as well as the influence of gunpowder during this era. Test your knowledge on how these innovations facilitated global trade and exploration.