Technical Terms in Research

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following BEST describes the primary goal of a research paper?

  • To vividly describe a specific location.
  • To creatively narrate a series of events.
  • To forcefully persuade the reader to adopt a certain viewpoint.
  • To systematically explain a particular concept or idea. (correct)

When beginning a research paper, what is the MOST crucial first step to take?

  • To immediately begin locating potential sources.
  • To start making notes.
  • To select a broad topic area to investigate.
  • To formulate a specific question that the research will address. (correct)

Which characteristic is MOST important when selecting a research topic?

  • It should be personally simple to understand.
  • It should spark your interest.
  • Limited or focused. (correct)
  • It should be broad to allow for a wide range of information.

What is the primary function of the conclusion in a research paper?

<p>To accurately repeat the major points that support the main idea. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY purpose of a 'Works Cited' list in a research paper?

<p>To give credit to the sources that directly contributed to the paper's content. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the role of the introduction in a research paper?

<p>To set the stage by providing context, key terms, and the central argument. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In research, what does a hypothesis represent?

<p>A tentative explanation or prediction for a phenomenon. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the BEST definition of 'research' in an academic context?

<p>A systematic process to increase our understanding of a phenomenon. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In research terminology, what does the term 'concept' refer to?

<p>An abstract term of an object, phenomenon, or idea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'theory' represent in the context of research?

<p>A structured collection of concepts and principles created to explain a phenomenon. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In research, what does the term 'variable' refer to?

<p>Any quality that can change an emotion or a condition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes a 'theoretical framework' in research?

<p>Assumptions that serves as a backbone for the investigation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a research paper, where would the purpose and significance of the study be MOST effectively communicated?

<p>Introduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which section of a research paper would a researcher MOST likely present the concrete findings related to the research problem?

<p>Results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of citing sources?

<p>To support the background of the study. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which section of a research paper would you typically find a detailed description of the tools and procedures used to conduct the study?

<p>Methodology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research is designed to explore and describe relationships among different characteristics?

<p>Quantitative Method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a research study aims to deeply understand the lived experiences of individuals related to a specific phenomenon, which qualitative research design is MOST appropriate?

<p>Phenomenology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher wants to explore the intricate meanings people assign to a particular social trend. Which research approach is MOST suitable for this purpose?

<p>Qualitative Method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of research, what does a 'problem' typically refer to?

<p>A question or matter that needs to be answered through research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When formulating a research paper, the SMART criteria is useful to ensure the research paper is?

<p>Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time-bound. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a way to narrow down a research topic to make it more manageable?

<p>Limiting the timeframe to study recent events or a historical period. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do quantitative research methods primarily address and resolve problems?

<p>By drawing inferences based on data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinction of qualitative research compared to quantitative approaches?

<p>Not numerical data focused. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes QUANTITATIVE research?

<p>Controlled, objective testing and experimentation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of QUANTITATIVE studies?

<p>That it works well in the lab under controlled conditions only. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quantitative methods are optimally suited for finding out:

<p>The when. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves as readers search for an article?

<p>Title, author, abstract, keywords. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will the readers know in this research?

<p>Abstract. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the study should all issues involved with the subject be seen?

<p>The introduction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT right to do with the statements of the introduction of the study?

<p>Should not be paraphrased; it should be copied word per word. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

TRUE or FALSE: The body of the study will present the main points as listed in the thesis.

<p>TRUE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the conclusion do?

<p>Restate your thesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

TRUE OR FALSE: briefly outline the main points in the paper in the conclusion part.

<p>FALSE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

FALSE or TRUE: the conclusion should end with a meaningful sentence that ties the whole point of the paper together.

<p>TRUE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a step in writing the research paper?

<p>Highlight background information on the topic needed to understand the direction of the paper is found in the body of the research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of preparing our research?

<p>Choosing your subject, limiting the subject to specific, statement of controlling purpose, preliminary research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Research

A systematic process of collecting/analyzing information to increase understanding.

Concept

Term abstractly describing/naming an object, phenomenon, or idea.

Theory

Organized concepts & principles, explaining a particular phenomenon.

Quantitative Method

Method focusing on numbers/objective data, via statistical analysis.

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Qualitative Method

Method using words (not numbers); focuses on feelings/non-numerical data.

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Variable

Any quality of a person, group, event, or condition that change.

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Hypothesis

Logical assumption, reasonable guess, and educated conjecture.

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Sampling

Selecting participants representing a larger population to understand it.

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Specific

Keep focus on the research question.

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Measurable

Research with proven and cited sources.

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Attainable

Provide real thesis of the problem.

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Realistic

Objective and relevant to credible sources.

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Time

Know the subject and time requirements to conduct.

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Title, abstract and keywords

Descriptive information helps readers find a piece.

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Introduction

It tells how it fits with other topics.

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Methods

Actions done when doing research.

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Results

Answer to the question.

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Result

Why should the project be a question.

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References

The cited material from the paper

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Study Notes

  • The module focuses on distinguishing technical terms used in research
  • It is designed to help students write research papers and can be used in various learning situations

Module Objectives

  • Familiarize students with technical terms used in research
  • Differentiate qualitative from quantitative research methods
  • Identify elements of a research paper

Lesson 1: Technical Terms in Research

  • Common sense, personal experience, or observation usually guide daily activities
  • Research informs action, proves theories, and develops knowledge
  • Research is a systematic and scientific procedure of data collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation, and implication to solve problems

Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research

  • Quantitative research describes, infers, and resolves problems using numbers
  • Emphasis is on numerical data collection, summary, and inference drawing
  • Qualitative research relies on words, feelings, emotions, sounds, and non-numerical elements
  • Information is considered qualitative if it can't be analyzed by mathematical techniques

Key Research Terms

  • Concept: Abstractly describes and names an object, phenomenon, or idea. Examples include income (P5,000 – P8,000), age (18-20 years old), education level, or number of siblings
  • Theory: Organizes concepts and principles to explain a phenomenon, e.g., theory of relativity
  • Quantitative Method: Focuses on numbers and objective data
  • Proves hypotheses through statistical analysis, e.g., drug abuser reports number of pills consumed weekly
  • Qualitative Method: Uses words to display data and focuses on feelings. e.g., a drug abuser describes how they feel about abusing drugs
  • Variables: Qualities that vary, such as age, sex, income, country of birth, eye color, or vehicle type
  • Hypothesis: A logical supposition, reasonable guess, and educated conjecture giving a tentative explanation under investigation
  • Sampling: Selecting participants to understand a larger population

Writing a Research Paper

  • Requires choosing a topic, research, methodology, organizing thoughts, arguments, citing sources, writing the first draft, and revisions
  • Aims to increase readers' knowledge with accurate, concise, comprehensive, and unbiased information supported by valid evidence
  • SMART principles help structure a research paper
    • Specific: Focus on a specific research question
    • Measurable: Contains specific, proven research and cites literature
    • Attainable: Provides a thesis related to existing knowledge
    • Realistic: Objective, realistic, and based on valid evidence
    • Time: Considers limits, timeframes, and scope of the work

Narrowing Research Topics

  • By demographic characteristics: age, occupation, ethnic group, gender
  • By relevant issues: Identify key issues related to a topic
  • By location: Focus on a specific country, province, city, or environment
  • By timeframe: Study recent or historical events
  • By causes: Investigate the causes of an issue

Lesson 2: Differentiating Qualitative Method from Quantitative Method

  • Quantitative research tests theories and hypotheses using math and statistical analysis. It is expressed in numbers, graphs, and tables and requiresrespondents
  • Qualitative explores ideas to formulate theory or hypothesis, summarized, categorized, and interpreted using open ended questions
  • Qualitative Research is more about gathering and analyzing for example, field notes, transcribing interviews, identifying themes, and studying photos
  • The Main Advantage of Quantitative Research is the results, are good, valid, reliable and generalizable
  • Quantitative research is very advantageous for studies that involve numbers

Advantages of Quantitative Research

  • Results are valid, reliable, and generalizable to a larger population
  • Useful for studies involving numbers and measurements

Disadvantages of Quantitative Research

  • Difficult to measure phenomena like human behavior in natural settings
  • Survey instruments are subject to errors
  • Some topics are hard to quantify in numbers

Advantages of Qualitative Research

  • Used for social and behavioral studies because human interactions are complex
  • Probes deeply and obtains descriptive data about social phenomena through structured interviews, cultural immersion, case studies, and observation

Disadvantages of Qualitative Research

  • Time-consuming
  • Not easily replicable or generalizable
  • Can be influenced by conscious or unconscious bias

Lesson 3: Elements of a Research Paper

  • Title, Author, Abstract, Keywords: Descriptive info to lets you search for the Article with this research
  • Introduction - This is a part that describes the context, Other related research - it describe the research question
  • Methods: HOW was is researched?
  • Results: WHAT was discovered - shown in Tables and Figures
  • Discussion/Conclusion: Describes the significance of WHAT
  • References: It acknowledges materials that the author cites

Research Significance

  • Building knowledge
  • Facilitating learning
  • Understanding issues
  • Increasing awareness
  • Aiding business success
  • Proving truths vs. lies
  • Finding opportunities
  • Encouraging reading, writing, and analysis
  • Nourishing the mind

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