TEAS Science Test Questions

Questions and Answers

Which type of chyme is present in the stomach?

Alkaline and partially digested

Alkaline and completely digested

Acidic and partially digested (correct)

Acidic and completely digested

Which of the following hormones signals satiety?

Ghrelin

Leptin (correct)

Gastrin

Secretin

Which of the following describes the region of the kidney where blood is filtered?

Corpuscle (correct)

Pelvis

Medulla

Tubule

Which of the following hormones would directly cause urine to become more concentrated?

ADH Signup and view all the answers

After passing through the collecting duct, urine flows into which of the following genitourinary structures?

Ureter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vessels directs blood into the glomerulus?

Afferent arteriole Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones increases sodium reabsorption in the renal tubule?

Angiotensin and aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones would be secreted following a drop in blood calcium levels?

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

A client presents with specific overproduction of the hormone aldosterone. This condition can be best explained by a tumor in which of the following endocrine glands?

Adrenal cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains what occurs after a person eats a meal high in refined sugar?

Blood glucose rises, triggering a release of insulin and causing blood glucose to decrease Signup and view all the answers

The sperm are stored in which of the following sites prior to ejaculation?

Epididymis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes the function of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?

Induces the thickening of the endometrium Signup and view all the answers

What hormonal change leads to the shedding of the endometrium during menstruation?

A decrease in progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the male reproductive system is also found in females?

Urethra Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following organs is testosterone primarily made?

Testes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following innate immune cells is most effective at activating the adaptive immune response?

Dendritic cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the difference between helper and cytotoxic T cells?

Helper T cells activate cytotoxic T and B cells, and cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells displaying a particular antigen Signup and view all the answers

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition caused by the immune systems specifically targeting and killing beta cells. Which of the following best describes the cellular activity responsible for the disease?

Cytotoxic T cells kill beta cells that display the antigen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune system?

T cell Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following phagocytoses all kinds of pathogenic cells without specifically targeting them?

Macrophage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following layers of skin contains glands that excrete sodium?

Dermis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions would take place after walking into a very cold room?

Hair follicles would decrease airflow across the skin Signup and view all the answers

Hair and nails are comprised of which of the following?

Keratin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms does the body use to increase heat loss?

Sweating Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are found in the hypodermis?

Adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT contain protein?

Genetic material Signup and view all the answers

Assuming each macromolecule is of equal weight, which of the following macromolecules would have the greatest number of C-H bonds?

Saturated fatty acid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a polysaccharide stored in the liver?

Glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement about enzymes?

Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of biological reactions Signup and view all the answers

Consider two parents who are both heterozygous for sickle cell anemia. What is the probability that an offspring will have the disorder?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are parts of a neuron? (Select all that apply)

Dendrites, axon, and soma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is NOT involved in protein translation or processing?

Mitochondrion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is primarily absorbed in the ileum?

Vitamin B12 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly includes all the layers of the skin, from deepest layer outward?

Hypodermis, dermis, epidermis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a possible pairing of period numbers and orbital names?

2 and d Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a possible consequence of hypertension?

Hemoglobin not properly binding to oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

Storing urea Signup and view all the answers

How many milligrams are in 10 grams?

10,000 mg Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following would blood pressure be the highest?

Aorta Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of surfactant in the lungs?

Decrease gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of chemical digestion in the stomach?

Gastrin stimulates the release of HCl and pepsinogen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are responsible for transmitting a motor impulse across the neuromuscular junction?

Neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

When the body temperature becomes abnormally high, which of the following homeostatic processes occurs?

Sweat gland activity and blood flow to the subcutaneous layer of the skin increase, and hair follicles relax Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an enzyme that regulates arterial blood pressure?

Renin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physical properties changes when volume changes but mass is held constant?

Density Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following could result when the body is exposed to a live pathogen?

Active immunity Signup and view all the answers

A person complains of sciatica, pain that shoots from the lower back through the hips and legs. What is the most likely cause?

Herniated lumbar disc Signup and view all the answers

A recent editorial critical of a political candidate alleged, among other things, that she is more popular with less educated voters than with those with more education. The candidate believes that she is equally popular among voters across all levels of education. Her campaign manager wants to conduct a poll to ascertain which belief is correct. What would be an appropriate null hypothesis to test with the poll?

There is no correlation between the candidate's popularity and voters' education Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT found in smooth muscle?

Sarcomere Signup and view all the answers

In its final stage, the HIV virus disrupts the immune system by which of the following methods?

Preventing the activation of cytotoxic T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of the integumentary system?

Protects the body against dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the location of the sternum on the body?

Superior and ventral Signup and view all the answers

Under normal circumstances, which of the following is normally found in urine?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true of ventricular systole?

The semilunar valves open under increased pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nervous systems work in tandem to maintain homeostasis of the body?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following involves chemical digestion?

Salivating Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT composed of macromolecules?

Gastric acid Signup and view all the answers

Homeostatic control of blood glucose by insulin and glucagon is achieved by which of the following?

A decrease in blood glucose stimulates glucagon; an increase in blood glucose stimulates insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a short bone?

Tarsal Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for triggering ovulation?

Luteinizing hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would decrease the rate of diffusion of oxygen from the lungs into the bloodstream?

Increasing the concentration of oxygen in the blood Signup and view all the answers

The prescribed dose of a certain medication is 1 deciliter. The amount administered must be accurate to within plus/minus 1 percent. The amount being administered should be measured in what unit to the nearest whole number to ensure that the needed accuracy is attained?

Milliliters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following produces bile?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly pairs the reproductive structure with its function?

Fallopian tubes, site of fertilization Signup and view all the answers

White fur is a recessive trait in a certain species of mammal. A black-furred parent and a white-furred parent produce an offspring that has white fur. Which of the following deductions is supported by the information given?

The black-furred parent has a recessive white allele Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following blood vessels contains valves to prevent blood from flowing backward?

Veins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the contraction of muscles and change in pressure inside the lungs during inhalation?

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, decreasing pressure in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells would NOT be involved in the immune response to a pathogen encountered for the first time?

Plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs does NOT release a hormone involved in the absorption and/or distribution of nutrients from the digestive tract?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a part of the adaptive immune system?

T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would lead to a decrease in respiration rate following the onset of hyperventilation?

Increase in blood pH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bone cells is responsible for breaking down bone?

Osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

An inhibitor targeting the electron transport chain involved in ATP production would most likely target which organelle?

Mitochondrion Signup and view all the answers

The collar bone is located on the _______ side of the body.

Superior and ventral Signup and view all the answers

A macrophage, a type of immune cell responsible for phagocytosing and digesting pathogens, is likely to contain more of which of the following organelles?

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

A buildup of urea, a nitrogenous waste product of protein metabolism, in the body is most likely due to the failure of which organ system?

Urinary Signup and view all the answers

The ______ plane runs horizontally through the body and divides it into inferior and superior halves.

Transverse Signup and view all the answers

A defect in which of the following parts of the bone would be most likely to result in stunted growth?

Epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

An overactivation of which of the following bone cells could lead to osteoporosis?

Osteoclast Signup and view all the answers

Drugs designed to treat osteoporosis would most likely increase the activity of which of the following bone cells?

Osteoblast Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones can be characterized as a long bone?

Humerus Signup and view all the answers

The autonomic nervous system would be involved in all of the following EXCEPT

Jerking away from a painful stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neuromuscular processes are involved in chemical digestion?

Smooth muscle contraction in the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Muscle contraction will occur only if

An action potential travels down the axon Signup and view all the answers

Signals from touch receptors in the hand are transmitted to the brain via

An afferent neuron Signup and view all the answers

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in

Difficulty walking Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements is correct regarding muscle contraction?

Muscle fibers contract in an all-or-none fashion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following blood component levels would be expected to increase in response to a viral infection?

Leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the pulmonary arteries is correct?

They carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following valves prevents blood from backflowing between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Tricuspid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of blood through the double-loop system?

Left ventricle - aorta - capillaries - vena cava - right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following blood particles are responsible for blood clotting?

Platelets Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway of air into the lungs?

Pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would NOT be expected to cause a decrease in ventilation rate?

Decrease in blood pH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lung volumes is responsible for preventing lung collapse?

Residual volume Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would lead to an increase in ventilation rate?

The pH of the blood is decreased Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lung ailments is caused by a mycobacterium infection?

Tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is part of the alimentary canal?

Pharynx Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following macromolecule groups is chemically digested for the first time in the stomach?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is absorbed in the colon?

Vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

After passing through the pyloric sphincter, a food high in protein would be in which of the following states?

Digested Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neurons and Nervous System

Neurons consist of dendrites, axon, and soma.
Neurotransmitters transmit motor impulses across the neuromuscular junction.
The autonomic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together to maintain homeostasis.

Organelle Functionality

Mitochondria are not involved in protein translation or processing.
The Golgi apparatus, rough ER, and ribosomes play critical roles in these processes.

Digestive System

Vitamin B12 is primarily absorbed in the ileum.
Chemical digestion begins with enzymes in the stomach, notably gastrin which stimulates HCl and pepsinogen release.
The stomach, pancreas, and small intestine release hormones related to nutrient absorption, while the liver produces bile.

Blood Circulation and Pressure

Blood pressure is highest in the aorta.
The tricuspid valve prevents backflow between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Hormonal Regulation

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in renal tubules, influenced by angiotensin.
Parathyroid hormone is secreted with a drop in blood calcium levels.
Leptin signals satiety after eating.

Musculoskeletal System

Bones classified as long bones include the humerus; short bones include tarsals.
Osteoclasts are responsible for breaking down bone, while osteoblasts help in building bone.

Immune System

T cells are a component of the adaptive immune system.
Plasma cells are involved in immune responses but not specifically against first-time pathogen encounters.
A macrophage contains more lysosomes for digesting pathogens.

Kidneys and Urine

The renal corpuscle is where blood is filtered in the kidney.
After the collecting duct, urine flows into the ureter.
Urine concentration is directly affected by the hormone ADH.

Blood Components and Clotting

Platelets are responsible for blood clotting.
Leukocytes levels increase in response to a viral infection, indicating immune activity.

Gas Exchange and Breathing

The flow of air into lungs occurs through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and into the alveoli.
Muscle contraction during inhalation decreases pressure in the lungs, allowing air intake.

Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms

Increase in blood pH correlates with a decrease in respiration rate, reflecting how the body manages carbon dioxide levels.
The body regulates blood glucose levels through insulin and glucagon, responsive to changes in blood sugar.

Anatomy and Physiology

The sternum is located superior and ventral on the body.
The collarbone (clavicle) is also positioned on the superior and ventral side.

Conditions and Diseases

A herniated lumbar disc is commonly associated with sciatica pain.
Ongoing hypertension can lead to vascular damage and heart issues but does not affect hemoglobin's oxygen binding directly.

Additional Facts

The diaphragm contracts to cause inhalation, leading to decreased lung pressure.
Chemical digestion notably begins in the stomach with proteins.
Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism, primarily regulated by the urinary system.### Blood Glucose Regulation
Insulin is released when blood glucose levels rise, resulting in a decrease in glucose levels.
Glucagon is released when blood glucose levels drop, promoting an increase in glucose levels.

Male Reproductive System

Sperm are stored in the epididymis prior to ejaculation.
Testosterone is primarily produced in the testes.
The urethra is a component found in both male and female reproductive systems.

Hormonal Functions in Menstrual Cycle

Estrogen is responsible for inducing the thickening of the endometrium.
Shedding of the endometrium during menstruation is triggered by a decrease in progesterone.

Immune System

Dendritic cells are crucial for activating the adaptive immune response.
Helper T cells are important for activating cytotoxic T cells and B cells, with cytotoxic T cells specifically killing infected cells.
Type 1 diabetes involves cytotoxic T cells targeting and killing beta cells that produce insulin.

Innate Immune System

T cells are not considered components of the innate immune system; macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils are.
Macrophages phagocytose a wide range of pathogenic cells without specific targeting.

Skin Structure and Functions

The dermis layer contains glands that excrete sodium.
Sudden exposure to cold leads to reduced blood flow to skin via hair follicle constriction.
Hair and nails are composed of keratin.

Thermoregulation Mechanisms

Sweating is a mechanism the body uses to increase heat loss.
Adipose tissue is found in the hypodermis, contributing to thermal insulation.

Biochemical Composition

Genetic material does not contain proteins, while cell membranes, muscle tissue, and the skeleton do.
A saturated fatty acid has the greatest number of C-H bonds compared to other macromolecules.

Polysaccharides and Metabolism

Glycogen is the polysaccharide stored in the liver.
Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of biological reactions, not fibrous proteins or formed by nitrogenous bases.

Genetics

The probability of two heterozygous parents passing on sickle cell anemia to their offspring is 25%.

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Description

This quiz consists of science questions focused on key concepts relevant to the TEAS exam. Topics include neuron structure, organelle functions, and biological processes critical for healthcare professionals. Prepare effectively for your TEAS science test with these flashcards!