TEAS 7 Science Quiz

The major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, except for the lungs.

The large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

The artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

The artery that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

The primary artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle itself.

The diffusion of carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli in the lungs is primarily driven by the concentration gradient, meaning carbon dioxide moves from an area of higher concentration (blood) to an area of lower concentration (alveoli).

Urea is a waste product that is excreted in sweat as a result of protein breakdown and ammonia formation.

The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. Lithium has an atomic number of 3, meaning it contains 3 protons.

A type of hormone responsible for stimulating the development of male sexual characteristics, such as facial hair, muscle mass, and a deep voice.

A category of hormones that regulate the development of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics. These hormones play a key role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

A group of hormones that are involved in the regulation of the female reproductive system, including the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and childbirth.

This hormone primarily controls the body's salt and water balance. It plays a vital role in regulating blood pressure and maintaining sodium levels in the blood.

The central nervous system (CNS) controls and coordinates the activities of the body. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) transmits information to and from the CNS.

Freezing preserves the body by stopping the decomposition process that bacteria usually cause.

Nitrogen gas is very stable due to the strong triple covalent bonds between its atoms.

A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed. It does not change the amount of product formed, but it allows the reaction to occur faster.

A type of salt that is composed of a potassium cation (K+) and a carbonate anion (CO3 2-).

A type of graph that uses bars of different heights to represent the values of different categories. It's great for comparing discrete data points.

The tendency of a liquid's surface to curve upwards or downwards when in contact with a solid. This occurs because the adhesive forces between the liquid and solid are stronger than the cohesive forces within the liquid.

The change in an organism's observable characteristics due to environmental factors. This happens without any change in the organism's genetic code.

A specific, targeted immune response to a particular pathogen or antigen. It involves memory cells that recognize and fight specific threats.

The sequence of DNA bases that forms a complementary copy of a given DNA strand. The bases pair up according to specific rules: A with T, and C with G.

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. It lowers the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.

A reaction where the products have a lower energy level than the reactants, indicating an easier reaction. It can occur spontaneously without needing external energy input.

The movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, driven by the concentration gradient.

Aquaporins are specialized protein channels found in the kidneys that facilitate the movement of water molecules across cell membranes, allowing for the concentration of urine.

Active transport is the movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient, requiring energy. This often involves specialized transport proteins.

The sodium-potassium pump is a vital active transport system found in the cell membrane. It uses energy to move sodium ions out of and potassium ions into the cell.

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration (hypotonic) to a region of low water concentration (hypertonic).

A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

The ventral body cavity is the main body cavity that is subdivided into the chest cavity (thoracic) and the abdominal and pelvic cavity (abdominopelvic).

Mutations in germ cells (such as ovarian cells) can be passed on because these cells are involved in the production of gametes (eggs and sperm).

The movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure is essential for breathing. During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, the ribcage lowers, and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, creating a higher pressure that pushes air out of the lungs.

A hypothesis is a testable prediction based on observations and prior knowledge. It's like an educated guess that can be tested through experiments.

Sublimation is the direct transition of a substance from the solid state to the gaseous state without passing through the liquid state. This process is the opposite of deposition.

Gases are highly compressible, meaning they can be squeezed into a smaller volume. Unlike solids and liquids, gases can expand to fill any container.

The hypothalamus, located in the brain, controls many vital functions, including the release of hormones that regulate the pituitary gland, which is responsible for orchestrating various bodily processes.

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that enables the AIDS virus to convert its RNA into DNA, which can then integrate into the host's DNA, allowing the virus to replicate itself.

The complementary base pairing rule states that adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C) in DNA. This ensures accurate replication of the genetic code.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This process is driven by the random motion of molecules and does not require energy.

Viruses are acellular, meaning they lack a cell structure and cannot carry out metabolic processes on their own. They depend entirely on a host cell's machinery to replicate.

The complementary strand of DNA has a sequence of bases that are paired with the original strand according to the base-pairing rules: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) . The complementary strand is antiparallel, meaning it runs in the opposite direction (3' to 5' instead of 5' to 3').

The critical point is the state where a substance's liquid and gaseous phases become indistinguishable. At this point, the substance exists as a single phase regardless of pressure or temperature changes.

Sodium bicarbonate, released by the pancreas, acts to neutralize the acidic chyme from the stomach, creating an ideal pH for enzymatic activity in the small intestine.

Plasma B cells, a type of white blood cell, differentiate from B lymphocytes. Their primary function is to produce and release antibodies, which are protein molecules that target and neutralize pathogens.

The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provide structural support, shape, and enable movement within the cell.

When a solid turns into a liquid, particles gain kinetic energy and break free from their rigid structure. This leads to less ordered arrangement and increased mobility of particles. The intermolecular forces between particles weaken, allowing them to move more freely.

Specific immune responses involve adaptive immunity, where the immune system recognizes and targets specific pathogens. Examples include T lymphocyte activation and clonal expansion, antibody production, and the formation of memory B cells.