TEAS 6 Science Practice Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the airway?

Epiglottis

Which substance makes up the pads that provide support between the vertebrae?

Cartilage

The two criteria for classifying epithelial tissue are cell layers and ______.

Cell shape

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

Neck Signup and view all the answers

How many organ systems are in the human body?

11 Signup and view all the answers

Which element within the respiratory system is responsible for removing foreign matter from the lungs?

Cilia Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process in the lungs by which oxygen is transported from the air to the blood?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is responsible for the regulation of calcium levels?

Parathyroid Signup and view all the answers

Which secretion of the digestive system is responsible for water reabsorption?

Large intestine Signup and view all the answers

Describe one responsibility of the integumentary system.

Blocking pathogens that cause disease Signup and view all the answers

When are parasympathetic nerves active within the nervous system?

When a person is resting or eating Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the relationship between the circulatory system and the integumentary system?

Removal of excess heat from body Signup and view all the answers

Once blood has been oxygenated, it travels through the pulmonary veins, through the left atrium, and then through the _______ before entering the left ventricle.

Mitral valve Signup and view all the answers

The part of the human excretory system most responsible for maintaining normal body temperature is what?

Sweat glands Signup and view all the answers

A part of what body system controls fluid loss, protects deep tissue, and synthesizes vitamin D?

Integumentary system Signup and view all the answers

The respiratory system oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Delivers; expels Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for any substance that stimulates the production of antibodies?

Antigen Signup and view all the answers

What does not exist in RNA?

Thymine Signup and view all the answers

In what muscle type are the filaments arranged in a disorderly manner?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland?

Melatonin Signup and view all the answers

What type of plane describes a section that divides the body into equal right and left parts?

Mid-sagittal Signup and view all the answers

In the development of genetic traits, one gene must match to the one ______ for the traits to develop correctly.

Protein Signup and view all the answers

What can be found in the dorsal cavity of the body?

Spine Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the careful ordering of molecules within solids that have a fixed shape?

Crystalline order Signup and view all the answers

What structure moves downward during inspiration?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the transport network that is responsible for the transference of proteins throughout a cell?

ER Signup and view all the answers

The right lung has _ lobes and the left lung has _ lobes?

3;2 Signup and view all the answers

A _________ is the physical and visible expression of a genetic trait.

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

Which system's primary function is to release hormones?

Endocrine system Signup and view all the answers

The heart is located in which of the following areas?

Thoracic Signup and view all the answers

A substance is considered acidic if it has a pH of less than ____.

7 Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the location of the trachea in relation to the esophagus?

Anterior Signup and view all the answers

A triple beam balance would show what unit of measurement?

Grams Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a section that divides the body into equal upper and lower portions?

Transverse Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the role of RNA?

Sending messages about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA Signup and view all the answers

What do catalysts alter to control the rate of a chemical reaction?

Activation energy Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

The center of communication of the body Signup and view all the answers

What system is primarily responsible for helping the body breathe?

Respiratory system Signup and view all the answers

Which system helps fight illnesses?

Immune system Signup and view all the answers

What bone type is embedded in tendons?

Sesamoid bones Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a product of respiration?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What blood vessel contains the least-oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary artery Signup and view all the answers

What layer of the heart contains striated muscle fibers for contraction of the heart?

Myocardium Signup and view all the answers

What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood back to the heart?

Pulmonary vein Signup and view all the answers

What part of the cell is often called the cell 'power house' because it provides energy for cellular functions?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What function do ribosomes serve within a cell?

Ribosomes aid in protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely reason that cells differentiate?

So that simple, non-specialized cells become highly specialized cells Signup and view all the answers

How is meiosis similar to mitosis?

Both occur in humans, other animals, and plants Signup and view all the answers

How do DNA and RNA function together as part of the human genome?

RNA carries genetic information from DNA in the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the ____.

Small intestines Signup and view all the answers

What process should the DNA within a cell undergo before the cell replicates?

The DNA should replicate so that daughter cells have the same amount of DNA material after cell division Signup and view all the answers

What basic molecular unit enables hereditary information to be transmitted from parent to offspring?

Genes Signup and view all the answers

What statement accurately compares/contrasts the structures of DNA and RNA?

Both DNA and RNA have 4 nucleotide bases, three of the bases are the same but the fourth base is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is part of a person's genotype?

CFTR genes that cause cystic fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

Where is the interstitial fluid found?

In the tissues around cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells secrete antibodies?

Plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

Chemical C is a catalyst in the reaction between chemical A and chemical B. What is the effect of chemical C?

Chemical C increases the rate of the reaction between A and B Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules are enzymes?

Protein molecules Signup and view all the answers

What structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Where do gas exchanges occur in the human body?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

An atom has 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is the electric charge of this atom?

Negative Signup and view all the answers

What system's primary function is to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide?

Respiratory system Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the structures found underneath each rib in defensive order?

Vein, artery, nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spleen?

Filters microorganisms and other foreign substances from the blood Signup and view all the answers

The process of changing from a liquid to a gas is called _____.

Vaporization Signup and view all the answers

What protein interferes with virus production?

Interferons Signup and view all the answers

What does NOT contain blood vessels?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What structure releases hormones that stimulate the gonads during puberty?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What structure has the lowest blood pressure?

Vein Signup and view all the answers

What heart chamber is the most muscular?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain interprets sensory information?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

A vaccination is a way of acquiring which type of immunity?

Active artificial immunity Signup and view all the answers

What component of the nervous system is responsible for lowering the heart rate?

Parasympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What are parts of the circulatory system?

Heart, blood, blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural pacemaker of the heart?

Sinoatrial node Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition where the heart rate is 118 beats per minute?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

The spine and hips belong to what bone types?

Irregular bones Signup and view all the answers

What term means towards the front of the body?

Anterior Signup and view all the answers

What system is the brain a part of?

Nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What term means close to the trunk of the body?

Proximal Signup and view all the answers

What part of the cell serves as the control center for all cell activity?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What are the cellular functions of cilia and flagella?

Cell movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which simple cells become highly specialized cells?

Cellular differentiation Signup and view all the answers

How does meiosis differ from mitosis?

Meiosis produces cells that are genetically different, mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical Signup and view all the answers

What are groups of cells that perform the same function?

Tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a tissue?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

The adrenal glands are part of what system?

Endocrine Signup and view all the answers

What functions do genes serve in the relationship between parent and offspring?

Genes enable hereditary information to be passed from parent to offspring Signup and view all the answers

What is hemoglobin?

Protein Signup and view all the answers

What valve allows blood flow from the right atria into the right ventricle?

Tricuspid Signup and view all the answers

What substances stimulate adaptive immunity?

Phagocytes Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes are molecules that serve as for certain biological reactions.

Enzymes are protein molecules that serve as catalysts for certain biological reactions Signup and view all the answers

What type of chemical bond connects the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a molecule of water?

Covalent Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical property of water?

2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding T cells?

They play a role in the immune response Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred between atoms?

Ionic bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies?

Facilitate the breakdown of antigens Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the process of condensation?

The process of changing from gas to a liquid Signup and view all the answers

List the blood flow through the heart.

right atria -> right ventricle -> lungs -> left atria -> left ventricle -> body Signup and view all the answers

Mildly elevated levels of thyroxine will do what to the heart rate?

Increase heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology Concepts

Epiglottis: Structure that prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing.
Cartilage: Provides support and cushioning between vertebrae.
Epithelial tissue classification: Based on two criteria—cell layers and cell shape.
Parathyroid gland: Located in the neck, regulates calcium levels in the body.
Organ systems in human body: There are 11 distinct organ systems.

Systems and Functions

Cilia: Tiny hair-like structures in the respiratory system that remove foreign particles from lungs.
Diffusion: Process in lungs by which oxygen passes from air into the bloodstream.
Integumentary system: Blocks pathogens and helps in synthesizing vitamin D.
Nervous system: Acts as the body’s communication center, regulating functions and responses.
Endocrine system: Primarily responsible for hormone regulation throughout the body.

Respiratory and Circulatory Relationships

Path of Oxygenated Blood: From the pulmonary veins to the left atrium, then through the mitral valve to the left ventricle.
Functions of the circulatory system: Removal of excess heat via integumentary components.
Heart structure: The left ventricle is the most muscular chamber, responsible for pumping oxygenated blood.

Genetic Basic Concepts

Genes: Basic unit of heredity, crucial for trait inheritance.
Antigen: Substance that stimulates antibody production.
DNA vs. RNA: DNA contains thymine, whereas RNA contains uracil; both are critical for genetic information.

Cellular Biology

Mitochondria: Often referred to as the cell's power house, providing energy for functions.
Ribosomes: Key role in protein synthesis within cells.
Meiosis vs. Mitosis: Meiosis results in genetically diverse cells, while mitosis produces identical cells.

Immune and Excretory System

Plasma cells: Secrete antibodies as a response to antigens.
Spleen: Includes the filtering of microorganisms and foreign substances from blood.
Sweat glands: Integral for body temperature regulation in the excretory system.

Chemical Processes

Acidic substance: Defined by a pH of less than 7.
Catalysts: Substances that alter the activation energy to control chemical reactions.
Chemical bond types: Ionic bonds form from electron transfer, while covalent bonds connect atoms by sharing electrons.

Additional Key Points

Tachycardia: Condition where heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute.
Valves in the heart: Tricuspid valve allows blood from the right atrium to flow into the right ventricle.
Condition of electrons: An atom with 5 protons and 6 electrons is negatively charged.

Summary of Body Systems

Respiratory system: Takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide, facilitating gas exchange in alveoli.
Immune system: Contributes to illness defense and produces antibodies.
Circulatory system components: Comprises the heart, blood, and blood vessels integral to bodily functions.

Measurement and Properties

Triple beam balance: Measurement unit in grams.
Crystalline order: Describes the structured arrangement of molecules in solid materials.
Vaporization: The process of a substance changing from liquid to gas.

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Test your knowledge with these TEAS 6 science flashcards, covering essential topics such as anatomy, physiology, and cell structure. Perfect for nursing and health professions students preparing for the TEAS exam. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of critical science concepts!