Teaching Reading Sourcebook Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is Simpson Paradox?

Simpson Paradox is a phenomenon in statistics where a trend appears in different groups of data but disappears or reverses when these groups are combined.

What does NAEP stand for?

National Assessment of Educational Progress

What does Scientifically Based Reading Research (SBRR) refer to?

Scientifically Based Reading Research refers to research that employs rigorous standards for the study of reading instruction and comprehension.

What is Response to Intervention?

Response to Intervention is a multi-tier approach to the early identification and support of students with learning and behavior needs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Hawthorne Effect?

The Hawthorne Effect refers to the alteration of behavior by the subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed. Signup and view all the answers

What are Matthew Effects in reading?

Matthew Effects describe the phenomenon where 'the rich get richer and the poor get poorer' in terms of reading skills. Signup and view all the answers

What is the No Child Left Behind Act?

No Child Left Behind is a U.S. Act that aimed to increase educational standards and accountability in schools. Signup and view all the answers

What is comprehension in reading?

Comprehension is the ability to understand and interpret what is being read. Signup and view all the answers

What is fluency in reading?

Fluency is the ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with proper expression. Signup and view all the answers

What does phonics involve?

Phonics involves the study of the relationship between letters and the sounds they represent. Signup and view all the answers

What is phonological awareness?

Phonological awareness is the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of spoken language. Signup and view all the answers

What is vocabulary in the context of reading?

Vocabulary refers to the body of words used in a particular language or by a particular person or group. Signup and view all the answers

What is letter knowledge?

Letter knowledge is the understanding of the shapes, names, and sounds of letters. Signup and view all the answers

What does print awareness mean?

Print awareness is understanding the forms and functions of print, such as recognizing books, letters, and words. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 100/100 Goal in education?

The 100/100 Goal states that all students should be engaged all the time, and teachers should meet their needs 100% of the time. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are essential components of reading instruction? (Select all that apply)

Fluency Signup and view all the answers

What is a phoneme?

A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in language. Signup and view all the answers

What is a grapheme?

A grapheme is the smallest unit of written language, such as a letter or letter combination that represents a sound. Signup and view all the answers

What are teaching strategies in the context of reading?

Teaching strategies are various methods employed to facilitate learning and understanding of reading. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Proust & the Squid' about?

Proust & the Squid discusses the neuroscience behind reading and how humans have evolved to develop reading capabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What are the phases of reading development according to Sousa?

The phases are pre-alphabetic, partial alphabetic, full alphabetic, and consolidated alphabetic. Signup and view all the answers

What does working memory play in learning to read?

Impacts retention of vocabulary Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the brain when a child transitions from a non-reader to a novice reader?

The transition engages areas such as the perito-temporal area and Broca's area for language processing. Signup and view all the answers

How does the reading brain operate for novice readers?

Novice readers engage the parieto-temporal area for word analysis, with additional involvement of Broca's area. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a strong reader from a struggling reader?

A strong reader can quickly identify words using the occipital-temporal region, automating word recognition. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for teachers to understand neurodiversity?

Understanding neurodiversity helps educators tailor their teaching strategies to meet the diverse needs of all learners. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary approaches?

Multidisciplinary involves separate disciplines; interdisciplinary makes correlations between disciplines; transdisciplinary dissolves boundaries between disciplines. Signup and view all the answers

What are professional dispositions in teaching?

Professional dispositions include qualities such as dress code, punctuality, and maintaining a positive attitude. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Common Core Standards?

The Common Core Standards are a set of academic benchmarks that define what students should know at each grade level. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Teaching Reading Sourcebook about?

The Teaching Reading Sourcebook provides resources and strategies for teaching reading effectively, including assessment and instructional methods. Signup and view all the answers

What does miscue analysis help with?

Miscue analysis helps in understanding the reading process and the strategies of individual readers. Signup and view all the answers

What is reading fluency?

Reading fluency is the ability to read quickly, accurately, and with expression while understanding the text. Signup and view all the answers

What are intervention strategies?

Intervention strategies are targeted methods designed to improve reading skills in struggling students. Signup and view all the answers

Reading is solely a cognitive process.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the three finger rule in choosing reading material?

The three finger rule suggests that if a reader cannot identify three or fewer words on the first two pages, the book is likely appropriate. Signup and view all the answers

What are Hi-Low books?

Hi-Low books are age-appropriate books that are written at a lower reading level. Signup and view all the answers

Why is repetition important in reading?

Repetition helps to reinforce reading skills and improve fluency. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'stretch it' strategy in classroom discussions?

Stretch it means making a habit of asking follow-up questions to successful answers to engage deeper thinking. Signup and view all the answers

All students can benefit from oral reading.

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vocabulary and Key Concepts

Simpson Paradox: A statistical phenomenon where a trend appears in several different groups of data but disappears or reverses when these groups are combined.
NAEP: National Assessment of Educational Progress; often referred to as the "Nation's Report Card," it assesses student performance in various subjects across the U.S.
Scientifically Based Reading Research (SBRR): Research that focuses on effective methods for teaching reading, emphasizing evidence-based strategies.
Response to Intervention: An educational strategy that provides early, systematic assistance to children who are having difficulty learning, aiming to prevent academic failure.
The Hawthorne Effect: A psychological phenomenon where individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed.
Matthew Effects: The theory that "the rich get richer and the poor get poorer," implying that students lacking early reading skills face challenges in developing those skills later.
No Child Left Behind: A U.S. Act aimed at improving educational outcomes for all students, mandating standardized testing and accountability in schools.
Comprehension: The ability to understand and interpret what is being read, demonstrating awareness of text meaning.
Fluency: The capacity to read smoothly and expressively, combining speed, accuracy, and comprehension.
Phonics: The instructional method focused on understanding the relationship between letters (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes).
Phonological Awareness: The ability to recognize and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language, including elements like syllables and rhymes.
Vocabulary: The body of words known and used by an individual or group, essential for effective communication and comprehension.
Letter Knowledge: Understanding that letters are symbols representing sounds, fundamental for literacy development.
Print Awareness: The understanding of the forms and functions of print, marking a child's awareness of how printed material is organized.

Reading Goals and Components

100/100 Goal: An ideal educational framework where every student is engaged at all times while receiving tailored instruction from teachers.
Essential Components of Reading:
- Phonemic Awareness
- Phonics & Word Study
- Vocabulary
- Fluency

Phonemic and Graphemic Insights

Phoneme: The smallest units of sound in language that differentiate meaning.
Grapheme: The smallest unit of writing in language, representing phonemes.

Teaching Strategies

Teaching Strategies: Methods include:
- Wordless picture books
- Jigsaw activities
- Graphic organizers like the Frayer model
- Exit tickets to assess understanding

Reading and Brain Development

Proust & the Squid: Discusses the evolution of reading as a learned behavior rather than a natural instinct and its impact on the brain's plasticity.
Sousa's Phases of Reading Development:
- Pre-alphabetic phase: No understanding of letters.
- Partial alphabetic phase: Some letter sound connections.
- Full alphabetic phase: Comprehensive letter-sound connections.
- Consolidated alphabetic phase: Skilled and fluent reading.

Interventions and Assessments

Intervention Strategies: Techniques to support struggling readers, including paired reading, choral reading, and individually tailored instruction.
Assessing Fluency: Oral Reading Fluency assessments help identify at-risk students and determine their instructional level.
Miscue Analysis: A method of understanding individual reading strategies by analyzing errors made during reading.

Reading Materials and Environment

High-Performing Reading Classroom:
- Variety of books available.
- Engaging reading assignments with authentic tasks.
- Promotion of higher-order thinking skills.
Three Finger Rule: A strategy for selecting books by assessing unfamiliar words to ensure that they are at the appropriate reading level.

Understanding Learning Differences

504 and IEP: Different tiers of intervention in education, focusing on support for students with disabilities without requiring special education services (504) or with (IEP).
Neuro-Diversity: The importance for teachers to understand the range of learning differences present in their classrooms, ensuring inclusive and effective instructional strategies.

Language and Format in Education

Complete Sentence Format: Teaching students to respond in complete sentences enhances their communication skills and clarity of thought.
Format Matters: Emphasizes the significance of appropriate grammatical structures and the use of complete sentences in academic settings.

Reading Fluency and Comprehension

Fluency as a Bridge: Acts as a crucial link between decoding words and understanding their meanings, underlining its importance in reading comprehension.
Good vs. Struggling Readers: Skilled readers can self-monitor and correct their reading, while struggling readers often rely on external validation.

Cognitive and Instructional Strategies

Transactional Strategy Instruction: Encouraging students to take ownership of their comprehension strategies to foster independent learning.
Culture of Error: Creating a classroom environment that encourages learning from mistakes rather than punishing them.

These concise notes encapsulate the key concepts and strategies integral to effective reading instruction, catering to various aspects of literacy education.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards from the Teaching Reading Sourcebook. Learn key terms and concepts that are essential for understanding reading research and interventions. Perfect for educators and those interested in literacy development.