Teaching Methods and Components Overview

Introduction

• Teaching is a process of facilitating changes in learners.
• It involves telling, persuading, showing, demonstration, guiding, and directing learners' efforts.
• Teaching is a means of helping individuals learn by imparting knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values.
• Teaching is a professional human activity which requires creativity and imagination.

Modes of Teaching

• Training: Focuses on shaping behaviour for performing skills.
• Conditioning: Training becomes conditioning when it aims less at intelligence, for example, a dog salivating at the sound of a bell.
• Instruction: Involves searching for truth and understanding, providing reasoning, evidence, arguments, and justifications.
• Indoctrination: Aims at establishing specific beliefs.

Components of Teaching

• Stating Instructional Objectives: Identifying what should be achieved in a teaching situation.
• Identifying Content: Specifying the subject matter, its structure, and role in learning.
• Method and Technique Selection: Selecting appropriate teaching methods considering learners' nature.
• Instructional Resources: Identifying materials suitable for achieving objectives.
• Presentation: Actual delivery of content using methods and resources.
• Testing and Measurement: Evaluating the extent to which objectives are achieved.
• Evaluation: Assessment of the entire learning process.
• Feedback: Providing feedback on whether objectives were achieved.

Five-Step Pattern for Good Teaching

• Diagnosing Learner Entry Behavior: Assessing learners' needs, desires, and determining starting points for learning.
• Preparing for Teaching: Planning lessons, motivating students, gathering materials, and arranging learning environments.
• Guiding Learners in Instruction: Demonstrating skills, presenting information, and supporting learners through the lesson.
• Evaluating Learning Outcome: Assessing learners' progress and the effectiveness of instruction.
• Follow-up: Providing additional support to fill in learning gaps and expand on concepts.

Principles of Teaching

• Respect for each child: Recognizing learners' rights and dignity.
• Concern for Learner's Experience: Valuing learners' experiences and activities.
• Purpose and Value: Helping students understand the purpose, value, and relevance of learning.
• Exploration and Individuality: Encouraging learners to explore, think, and learn in their own way, acknowledging individual differences.
• Sharing Experience: Assisting learners to share their experiences, thoughts, and learning.
• Educational Logic: Organizing teaching in a logical order.
• Evaluating Learning: Regularly monitoring progress, identifying difficulties, and revisiting objectives and procedures.

Characteristics of Effective Teaching

• Demonstrating knowledge of teaching and learning theory and practice.
• Utilizing information effectively to guide and support learners' learning.