Podcast
Questions and Answers
An individual with a desk job who engages in light exercise twice a week wants to estimate their Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE). Which activity factor (AF) from the provided chart should they use to multiply their Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?
An individual with a desk job who engages in light exercise twice a week wants to estimate their Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE). Which activity factor (AF) from the provided chart should they use to multiply their Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?
- 1.2
- 1.725
- 1.375 (correct)
- 1.55
A construction worker engages in hard daily exercise and sports. Which activity factor should they use to estimate their TDEE?
A construction worker engages in hard daily exercise and sports. Which activity factor should they use to estimate their TDEE?
- 1.9 (correct)
- 1.725
- It depends on their RMR
- 1.55
A 30-year-old male, weighing 75 kg and standing 180 cm tall, leads a sedentary lifestyle. Using the Harris-Benedict equation for males, what is his estimated Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?
A 30-year-old male, weighing 75 kg and standing 180 cm tall, leads a sedentary lifestyle. Using the Harris-Benedict equation for males, what is his estimated Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?
- Approximately 1750 kcals
- Approximately 1650 kcals
- Approximately 1800 kcals (correct)
- Approximately 1900 kcals
How would an individual adjust their caloric intake based on their TDEE if their goal was weight loss?
How would an individual adjust their caloric intake based on their TDEE if their goal was weight loss?
A moderately active female wants to gain weight. After calculating her TDEE using RMR and an appropriate activity factor, what adjustment should she make to her daily caloric intake?
A moderately active female wants to gain weight. After calculating her TDEE using RMR and an appropriate activity factor, what adjustment should she make to her daily caloric intake?
Which component contributes the most to an individual's Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)?
Which component contributes the most to an individual's Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)?
Why is Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) more commonly measured than Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) in research settings?
Why is Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) more commonly measured than Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) in research settings?
Metabolic carts directly measure which of the following components to assess metabolic rate?
Metabolic carts directly measure which of the following components to assess metabolic rate?
A researcher wants to measure a subject's RMR accurately. Which of the following conditions is NOT required?
A researcher wants to measure a subject's RMR accurately. Which of the following conditions is NOT required?
Why is it important to account for local barometric pressure and ambient temperature when using a metabolic cart?
Why is it important to account for local barometric pressure and ambient temperature when using a metabolic cart?
According to the Weir equation, how does the measurement of VO2 and VCO2 contribute to the calculation of RMR?
According to the Weir equation, how does the measurement of VO2 and VCO2 contribute to the calculation of RMR?
For best results, how often should data be averaged when using a metabolic cart?
For best results, how often should data be averaged when using a metabolic cart?
In indirect calorimetry, what happens to the concentration of gases in expired breath compared to the atmospheric concentration?
In indirect calorimetry, what happens to the concentration of gases in expired breath compared to the atmospheric concentration?
Why are prediction equations commonly used to estimate RMR in field settings?
Why are prediction equations commonly used to estimate RMR in field settings?
According to the information provided, what is the number one determining factor for the validity of a selected RMR prediction equation?
According to the information provided, what is the number one determining factor for the validity of a selected RMR prediction equation?
A subject's VO2 is measured at 0.25 L/min and VCO2 is 0.2 L/min. Using the Weir equation, calculate their RMR.
A subject's VO2 is measured at 0.25 L/min and VCO2 is 0.2 L/min. Using the Weir equation, calculate their RMR.
If a metabolic cart measures a subject's expired breath and finds that the carbon dioxide concentration has not increased relative to atmospheric levels, what might this indicate?
If a metabolic cart measures a subject's expired breath and finds that the carbon dioxide concentration has not increased relative to atmospheric levels, what might this indicate?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the accuracy of RMR prediction equations?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the accuracy of RMR prediction equations?
Why is it recommended to conduct RMR assessments in the morning?
Why is it recommended to conduct RMR assessments in the morning?
What is the purpose of an activity factor (AF) when estimating TDEE?
What is the purpose of an activity factor (AF) when estimating TDEE?
Which of the equations is the most accurate at predicting RMR?
Which of the equations is the most accurate at predicting RMR?
Why is it necessary to know both the Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) and the amount of oxygen consumed to accurately estimate the body's energy expenditure?
Why is it necessary to know both the Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) and the amount of oxygen consumed to accurately estimate the body's energy expenditure?
In the context of energy production, what is the primary reason protein contribution is often disregarded when calculating RER?
In the context of energy production, what is the primary reason protein contribution is often disregarded when calculating RER?
An individual with a Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) of 0.85 at rest is primarily utilizing what mixture of substrates for energy?
An individual with a Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) of 0.85 at rest is primarily utilizing what mixture of substrates for energy?
If a person consumes 1 liter of oxygen and has an RER of 1.0, and then later consumes another liter of oxygen and has an RER of 0.7, what can be said about the comparison of energy production between these two scenarios?
If a person consumes 1 liter of oxygen and has an RER of 1.0, and then later consumes another liter of oxygen and has an RER of 0.7, what can be said about the comparison of energy production between these two scenarios?
During Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) measurement, why is it important to measure both oxygen consumption and RER each minute?
During Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) measurement, why is it important to measure both oxygen consumption and RER each minute?
Which equation is most appropriate for estimating the resting metabolic rate of a generally active individual?
Which equation is most appropriate for estimating the resting metabolic rate of a generally active individual?
An athlete engages in high-intensity training for 3 hours daily. Which equation best estimates their resting metabolic rate?
An athlete engages in high-intensity training for 3 hours daily. Which equation best estimates their resting metabolic rate?
If you are calculating resting metabolic rate using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation, what is the meaning of the 'sex' variable?
If you are calculating resting metabolic rate using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation, what is the meaning of the 'sex' variable?
What key variables are required by the Cunningham equation to estimate resting metabolic rate?
What key variables are required by the Cunningham equation to estimate resting metabolic rate?
In respiratory physiology, what information do the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) and Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) provide?
In respiratory physiology, what information do the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) and Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) provide?
Using the RER equation, if a person produces 2.0 L/min of $VCO_2$ and consumes 2.0 L/min of $VO_2$, what is their RER value and what does it suggest?
Using the RER equation, if a person produces 2.0 L/min of $VCO_2$ and consumes 2.0 L/min of $VO_2$, what is their RER value and what does it suggest?
How are the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) and Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) similar?
How are the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) and Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) similar?
A respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 0.7 indicates:
A respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 0.7 indicates:
Flashcards
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Minimum energy to sustain vital functions while awake, measured in kcal/day.
Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)
Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)
Total kcals burned in a day; includes BMR, TEF, and Activity Thermogenesis.
Thermic Effect of Feeding (TEF)
Thermic Effect of Feeding (TEF)
Energy used for digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food.
Activity Thermogenesis (AT)
Activity Thermogenesis (AT)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (EAT)
Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (EAT)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Indirect Calorimetry
Indirect Calorimetry
Signup and view all the flashcards
Weir Equation
Weir Equation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metabolic Cart Measurement
Metabolic Cart Measurement
Signup and view all the flashcards
Environmental Factors in Metabolic Testing
Environmental Factors in Metabolic Testing
Signup and view all the flashcards
Optimal Data Collection for RMR
Optimal Data Collection for RMR
Signup and view all the flashcards
RMR Prediction Equations
RMR Prediction Equations
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metrics Used in RMR Equations
Metrics Used in RMR Equations
Signup and view all the flashcards
Key Factor for Prediction Equation Validity
Key Factor for Prediction Equation Validity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Activity Factor (AF)
Activity Factor (AF)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Purpose of Activity Factor
Purpose of Activity Factor
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)
Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Energy Expenditure
Energy Expenditure
Signup and view all the flashcards
TDEE
TDEE
Signup and view all the flashcards
Caloric Equivalent for Oxygen
Caloric Equivalent for Oxygen
Signup and view all the flashcards
RER for Carbohydrate
RER for Carbohydrate
Signup and view all the flashcards
RER for Fat
RER for Fat
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sedentary Activity Factor
Sedentary Activity Factor
Signup and view all the flashcards
Extremely Active Factor
Extremely Active Factor
Signup and view all the flashcards
TDEE Calculation Equation
TDEE Calculation Equation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation
Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cunningham Equation
Cunningham Equation
Signup and view all the flashcards
DeLorenzo Equation for Athletes
DeLorenzo Equation for Athletes
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ten Haaf and Weijs Equations
Ten Haaf and Weijs Equations
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Quotient (RQ)
Respiratory Quotient (RQ)
Signup and view all the flashcards
VCO2 / VO2
VCO2 / VO2
Signup and view all the flashcards
RQ/RER Significance
RQ/RER Significance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- The minimum energy to sustain vital bodily functions while awake is the basal metabolic rate (BMR).
- BMR is usually expressed in kcal/day.
- BMR makes up the majority of a person's total daily energy expenditure (TDEE).
- TDEE consists of BMR (60-75%), the thermic effect of feeding (TEF, 10%), and activity thermogenesis (AT, 15-30%).
- Activity thermogenesis includes exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT) and nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT).
- True BMR is hard to measure because it requires at least 8 hours of sleep and 12 hours of fasting, usually overnight in a lab.
- As a result, researchers typically measure RMR.
- RMR requires resting and fasting, but not an overnight stay in the lab.
- Accepted guidelines for RMR assessment:
- Fast for at least 8 hours from all calorie-containing foods and drinks
- Rest in a dark, quiet room for 30 minutes before the test
- No exercise for at least 24 hours
- No caffeine or stimulants for at least 12 hours before the test
- RMR can be assessed at any time if conditions are met, but morning is best.
Indirect Calorimetry
- RMR is usually assessed through indirect calorimetry.
- Indirect calorimetry uses metabolic carts to measure carbon dioxide (VCO2) production and oxygen (VO2) consumption with each breath.
- Atmospheric composition: 20.93% oxygen, 0.03% carbon dioxide, and 79.04% nitrogen.
- Oxygen decreases and carbon dioxide increases in expired breath.
- Nitrogen remains unchanged.
- Metabolic carts estimate RMR using the Weir equation: RMR = 1.44 × [(VO2 × 3.9) + (VCO2 × 1.1)]
- Metabolic carts measure oxygen and carbon dioxide percentages in expired breath and breath volume.
- Gas volume is affected by temperature and pressure.
- Metabolic carts may measure expired gases, ventilation, and temperature and pressure for each breath.
Estimating Resting Metabolic Rate
- Prediction equations estimate RMR using metrics like height, weight, body composition, age, and sex.
- These equations have become more common due to the challenges of directly assessing RMR.
- The key factor for a prediction equation's validity is the population it was developed in.
- Body weight-based equations can outperform body composition-based equations if utilized in the right population.
- RMR is converted to TDEE using an activity factor (AF) to estimate a person's average daily activity.
- Sedentary: desk job, little to no exercise (multiply by 1.2)
- Lightly Active: light exercise/sports 1–3 days/week (multiply by 1.375)
- Moderately Active: moderate exercise/sports 3–5 days/week (multiply by 1.55)
- Very Active: hard exercise/sports 6–7 days/week (multiply by 1.725)
- Extremely Active: hard daily exercise/sports, physical job or training (multiply by 1.9)
- TDEE is estimated using the equation: TDEE = RMR × AF.
- This estimates the kilocalories needed to maintain weight.
Respiratory Exchange Ratio and Respiratory Quotient
- Respiratory quotient (RQ) or respiratory exchange ratio (RER) indicates the fuel being used.
- RER provides information on the macronutrient being oxidized during steady state.
- RQ and RER differ based on cellular level (RQ) or expired gases (RER) measurements.
- Both metrics are calculated using the equation: VCO2 / VO2
- Ratios measure CO2 quantity produced relative to O2 consumed.
- Carbohydrate, fat, and protein require different oxygen amounts for complete oxidation.
- Caloric equivalent for oxygen varies; RER and oxygen consumption are needed to estimate energy expenditure (kcal/min).
- Kilocalories per liter of oxygen depend on the substrate used or RER.
- RER for carbohydrate is 1.0, for fat is 0.70, and for protein is 0.82.
- Protein contribution to energy production is low (less than 5%).
- Generally, a carbohydrate and fat mixture is oxidized by mitochondria, and kilocalories per liter of oxygen vary.
- People with mixed diets have an RER of about 0.85 at rest, meaning about 4.86 kcal are produced per liter of oxygen.
- RMR measurement requires oxygen consumption and RER value for each minute to determine kilocalories produced per minute.
- Carbohydrate has an RER of 1.0, and fat has an RER of 0.7.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE), Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), and the factors influencing caloric intake. Learn how to calculate RMR using the Harris-Benedict equation and adjust caloric intake for weight management goals.
