Lecture 5: B cells
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Questions and Answers

What is the structure of the TCR composed of?

  • Alpha chain and beta chain, each having a Variable and Constant region (correct)
  • Beta chain only
  • Alpha chain only
  • Variable region only
  • Where does somatic recombination of the TCR take place?

  • Spleen
  • Thymus (correct)
  • Bone marrow
  • Liver
  • What is the role of Artemis in TCR V(D)J recombination?

  • Transcribes and translates TCR
  • Opens the DNA hairpins (correct)
  • Flanks the V, D, and J segments
  • Adds non-coded nucleotides
  • In what location are the D segments flanked by RSS in the TCR beta chain?

    <p>5' 12 bp RSS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which segment in BCR Ig heavy chain has two RSS with 12-bp spacing?

    <p>D segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the combinatorial diversity of the TCR at the germline DNA level?

    <p>Somatic recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'CDRs' refer to:

    <p>'Complementarity Determining Regions'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many CDRs per chain confer specificity to the binding site?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the gene becomes methylated and inaccessible to transcription machinery in allelic exclusion of B cells?

    <p>Other chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do B cells and T cells share the enzymatic machinery for generating antigen receptor diversity?

    <p>Both need enormous antigen receptor diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial primary B cell receptor expressed by newly formed B cells?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a B cell switch from producing IgM to IgD?

    <p>Alternative DNA splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an isotype of heavy chains for Immunoglobulins?

    <p>B (b)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do B cells undergo processes like somatic hypermutation and class switching?

    <p>Secondary Lymphoid Organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Class Switch Recombination' switches the class of Immunoglobulins without changing which region?

    <p>'VDJ' region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Affinity maturation' creates higher affinity for antigens while preserving what property?

    <p>Antibody specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Germinal Center' is responsible for what key processes in B cells?

    <p>'Somatic hypermutation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of somatic hypermutation in B cells?

    <p>Improving antigen binding in activated B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process leads to the selection of mutations for increased affinity to antigens?

    <p>Affinity maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of class switching in B cells?

    <p>Informing the production of different antibody classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is critical for driving the production of IgE?

    <p>IL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is INF gamma critical for in driving IgG2 and IgG3 production?

    <p>Viral and bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In class switching, what regions guide the process located upstream of each C gene?

    <p>Switch regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein plays a role in class switching in B cells?

    <p>AID protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of affinity maturation in B cells?

    <p>'Guided' mutations for improved antigen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Only occurs after B cell activation', 'irreversible', and 'guided by switch regions' are characteristics associated with which process?

    <p><em>Somatic hypermutation</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

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