26 Questions
What is the structure of the TCR composed of?
Alpha chain and beta chain, each having a Variable and Constant region
Where does somatic recombination of the TCR take place?
Thymus
What is the role of Artemis in TCR V(D)J recombination?
Opens the DNA hairpins
In what location are the D segments flanked by RSS in the TCR beta chain?
5' 12 bp RSS
Which segment in BCR Ig heavy chain has two RSS with 12-bp spacing?
D segment
What leads to the combinatorial diversity of the TCR at the germline DNA level?
Somatic recombination
'CDRs' refer to:
'Complementarity Determining Regions'
How many CDRs per chain confer specificity to the binding site?
3
Which part of the gene becomes methylated and inaccessible to transcription machinery in allelic exclusion of B cells?
Other chromosome
Why do B cells and T cells share the enzymatic machinery for generating antigen receptor diversity?
Both need enormous antigen receptor diversity
What is the initial primary B cell receptor expressed by newly formed B cells?
IgM
How does a B cell switch from producing IgM to IgD?
Alternative DNA splicing
Which of the following is NOT an isotype of heavy chains for Immunoglobulins?
B (b)
Where do B cells undergo processes like somatic hypermutation and class switching?
Secondary Lymphoid Organs
'Class Switch Recombination' switches the class of Immunoglobulins without changing which region?
'VDJ' region
'Affinity maturation' creates higher affinity for antigens while preserving what property?
Antibody specificity
'Germinal Center' is responsible for what key processes in B cells?
'Somatic hypermutation'
What is the role of somatic hypermutation in B cells?
Improving antigen binding in activated B cells
Which process leads to the selection of mutations for increased affinity to antigens?
Affinity maturation
What is the main function of class switching in B cells?
Informing the production of different antibody classes
Which cytokine is critical for driving the production of IgE?
IL-4
Which type of infection is INF gamma critical for in driving IgG2 and IgG3 production?
Viral and bacterial infections
In class switching, what regions guide the process located upstream of each C gene?
Switch regions
Which protein plays a role in class switching in B cells?
AID protein
What is the primary outcome of affinity maturation in B cells?
'Guided' mutations for improved antigen affinity
'Only occurs after B cell activation', 'irreversible', and 'guided by switch regions' are characteristics associated with which process?
Somatic hypermutation
Learn about the structure of T cell receptor (TCR) which is composed of alpha and beta chains, each containing Variable and Constant regions. Discover the process of somatic recombination in the thymus that results in combinatorial diversity of TCR. Explore how germline DNA diversity contributes to the formation of functional TCR.
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