Questions and Answers
What is taxonomy?
What is a genus?
A group of species descended from a common ancestor
What is a species?
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
Prokaryotes have a nucleus.
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What is a nucleus?
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What is a dichotomous key?
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Eukaryotes do not have a nucleus.
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What is evolutionary classification?
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What is a cladogram?
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List the taxonomic categories from the most broad to most specific: Dorky Kids Play Cards On Fat Green Stools.
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What is classification used for and why?
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Why do we use scientific names instead of common names?
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Who was Linnaeus and what did he do?
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What is binomial nomenclature?
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What is taxon?
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What are the three domains?
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What are the names of the six kingdoms?
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List examples and characteristics of organisms from kingdom Animalia.
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List examples and characteristics of organisms from kingdom Plantae.
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List examples and characteristics of organisms from kingdom Fungi.
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List examples and characteristics of organisms from kingdom Protista.
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How do you tell apart kingdom Archaebacteria and kingdom Eubacteria?
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Which four kingdoms are part of Domain Eukarya?
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Which two kingdoms are composed of prokaryotes?
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Which animal has feathers and swims?
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Name the organisms that have lungs.
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Name the only organism that has feathers.
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Name the organisms that have fur and mammary glands.
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Name the organism that has jaws, but no lungs.
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Name the organism that has no jaw.
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Which organisms share the most recent common ancestor: the mouse and chimp, or the pigeon and chimp?
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Study Notes
Taxonomy Basics
- Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms and assigning universally accepted names.
- Organisms are grouped based on shared features, indicating common ancestry.
Key Taxonomic Units
- Genus: Classification of species that share a common ancestor, e.g., Felis (domestica, negripes, margarita).
- Species: A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Cell Types
- Prokaryotes: Organisms without a nucleus.
- Eukaryotes: Organisms with a nucleus that contains DNA.
Tools for Identification
- A dichotomous key assists in identifying natural world items by presenting a series of choices leading to the correct name.
Classification Methods
- Evolutionary classification groups organisms based on their evolutionary history.
- Cladograms visually represent evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Taxonomic Hierarchy
- The taxonomic categories are organized from broad to specific: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Purpose of Classification
- Classification is essential for studying biological diversity and understanding evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Scientific Naming
- Scientific names are used to avoid confusion created by common names, which can vary across languages and regions.
- Binomial nomenclature refers to the system of naming species using a two-part format (genus and species), e.g., Canis lupus (italicized or underlined).
Linnaeus
- Carl Linnaeus (1707 - 1778) developed the system of naming organisms that is used today.
Domains and Kingdoms
- Three domains: Archaea (ancient bacteria), Bacteria (true bacteria), and Eukarya (organisms with nuclei).
- Six kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.
Characteristics of Kingdoms
Animalia
- Multicellular, lack cell walls, and are heterotrophs (e.g., worms, insects, humans, giraffes).
Plantae
- Multicellular, cell walls made of cellulose, and are autotrophs (e.g., trees, grass, moss, Venus flytrap).
Fungi
- Can be unicellular or multicellular, have cell walls made of chitin, and are heterotrophs (e.g., mushrooms, yeast).
Protista
- Can be unicellular or multicellular, some live in colonies (e.g., amoeba, euglena, paramecium).
Distinctions of Bacteria
- Archaebacteria: Lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
- Eubacteria: Contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Common Ancestors
- The mouse and chimp share a more recent common ancestor compared to the pigeon and chimp.
Organism Identification
- Duck: Identified in the key as having feathers and capable of swimming.
- Organisms with lungs: Include salamander, lizard, pigeon, mouse, and chimp.
- Only organism with feathers highlighted: Pigeon.
- Organisms with fur and mammary glands: Mouse and chimp.
- Organism with jaws but no lungs: Perch.
- Organism with no jaw: Hagfish.
Evolutionary Developments
- The study focuses on identifying morphological traits that emerged after certain species, like salamanders, evolved.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of taxonomy, including key taxonomic units, cell types, and classification methods. This quiz will explore how organisms are classified and the tools used for identification, including dichotomous keys and cladograms.