Taxonomy and Classification Quiz

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Questions and Answers

How did Aristotle classify organisms?

either plants or animals

What is the science of naming and classifying organisms?

Taxonomy

What are organisms in a classification system called?

Taxon

What is the two-part scientific naming system that uses Latin words?

Binomial Nomenclature Signup and view all the answers

How are scientific names/species names always written?

in italics Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of a scientific name?

Genus name and species identifier Signup and view all the answers

What does the first part of a scientific name represent?

Genus Signup and view all the answers

What is the second part of a scientific name?

Species Identifier Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the scientific naming system that is still used today?

Linnaeus Signup and view all the answers

How many levels does Linnaeus' system have?

7 levels/each level is included in the level above it Signup and view all the answers

What happens as the levels progress from kingdom to species?

levels get increasingly specific from kingdom to species Signup and view all the answers

What are the levels in Linnaeus' System?

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Signup and view all the answers

What doesn't Linnaeus' system account for?

molecular evidence Signup and view all the answers

What is the Linnaean system based on?

physical similarities Signup and view all the answers

What is the way of organizing organisms in the context of evolution?

Systematics Signup and view all the answers

What do phylogenetic trees show?

the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of appearance/how organisms are structured?

Morphology Signup and view all the answers

What is evidence from the past called?

Fossil Evidence Signup and view all the answers

What do differences among animal phyla indicate?

may appear very early in embryological development Signup and view all the answers

What do chromosomes include?

DNA, RNA, proteins Signup and view all the answers

What classification is based on common ancestry?

Cladistics Signup and view all the answers

What does phylogeny refer to?

evolutionary history for a group of species Signup and view all the answers

What is an evolutionary tree made using cladistics called?

Cladogram Signup and view all the answers

What is a group of species that shares a common ancestor called?

Clade Signup and view all the answers

What are traits shared in different degrees by clade members?

Derived Characters Signup and view all the answers

What do nodes represent in cladistics?

the most recent common ancestor of a clade Signup and view all the answers

What are the six kingdoms used today?

Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia Signup and view all the answers

What is the Three Domain System?

Bacteria (Eubacteria), Archaea (Archaebacteria), Eukarya (Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia) Signup and view all the answers

What are cells without a nucleus called?

Prokaryote Signup and view all the answers

What are cells with a nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes called?

Eukaryote Signup and view all the answers

What are organisms that make their own food called?

Autotroph Signup and view all the answers

What are organisms that get energy by consuming other organisms called?

Heterotrophs Signup and view all the answers

What is a one-celled organism called?

Unicellular Signup and view all the answers

What is an organism made of many cells called?

Multicellular Signup and view all the answers

What is a polysaccharide made by joining glucose molecules together that makes plants sturdy?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What describes the domain Bacteria and kingdom Eubacteria?

Prokaryotes, unicellular, have cell walls with peptidoglycan, autotrophs, heterotrophs Signup and view all the answers

What is a polymer made of sugars and amino acids found outside the cell membrane in the cell wall of some bacteria?

Peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Taxonomy and Classification Overview

Aristotle classified organisms into two groups: plants and animals.
Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms.
A taxon refers to organisms that are grouped in a classification system.

Binomial Nomenclature

Binomial nomenclature is a two-part scientific naming system using Latin words.
Scientific names are written in italics.
A scientific name consists of a genus name and a species identifier.

Genus and Species

Genus is the first part of a scientific name, capitalized, and represents one or more closely related species.
Species identifier is the second part of a scientific name, always written in lowercase, and cannot stand alone.

Historical Classification System

Linnaeus developed the scientific naming system still in use today, which has seven levels of classification.
The classification levels, from broadest to most specific, are: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
As one moves from kingdom to species, levels become increasingly specific.
Linnaeus' system does not account for molecular evidence and is based on physical similarities rather than genetic relationships.

Evolutionary Context

Systematics organizes organisms in the context of evolution.
Phylogenetic trees visually represent inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Morphology studies the structure and appearance of organisms.
Fossil evidence provides insights into organisms from the past.
Embryological patterns of development reveal differences among animal phyla early in development.

Molecular Evidence

Chromosomes and macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins contribute to classification.
Cladistics classifies organisms based on common ancestry, organizing species based on derived characters.
A cladogram illustrates evolutionary trees using cladistic methods.
A clade consists of species that share a common ancestor, and nodes represent the most recent common ancestors.

Kingdoms and Domains

There are six kingdoms recognized today: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.
The three-domain system classifies life into Bacteria (Eubacteria), Archaea (Archaebacteria), and Eukarya (Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia).

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus, and they include unicellular organisms like bacteria (Eubacteria with peptidoglycan in cell walls).
Eukaryotes are cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, often multicellular.
Autotrophs produce their own food, while heterotrophs obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
Organisms can be unicellular (single-celled) or multicellular (made of many cells).

Plant Cell Structure

Cellulose is a polysaccharide formed from glucose, providing structural support in plant cells.

Characteristics of Domains

DOMAIN: Bacteria includes unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan, capable of being autotrophic or heterotrophic.
DOMAIN: Archaea comprises unicellular prokaryotes living in extreme environments, lacking peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

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Description

Test your knowledge on taxonomy and the classification of organisms with this quiz. From Aristotle's classifications to binomial nomenclature, this quiz covers fundamental concepts in biology. Perfect for students studying life sciences!