Questions and Answers
What is the science of classification called?
taxonomy
Which scientist developed a classification system using two systems?
Linnaeus
In the binomial nomenclature system, which name is the noun?
Genus
What are the rules for writing names in binomial nomenclature?
Signup and view all the answers
What information do scientists use in classifying organisms today?
Signup and view all the answers
List the different taxa in order.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the different ways relationships are determined by organisms today?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a cladogram?
Signup and view all the answers
What is cladistics?
Signup and view all the answers
List the six kingdoms and an example organism from each.
Signup and view all the answers
Who is Carl Woese?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three domains for bacteria as defined by Carl Woese?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Taxonomy and Classification
- Taxonomy is the science of classification, organizing organisms based on shared characteristics.
- The roots of taxonomy can be traced back to as early as 3000 BC.
Classification System
- Carl Linnaeus developed a two-part classification system using Latin to name organisms based on their characteristics.
Binomial Nomenclature
- In binomial nomenclature, the genus acts as the noun and is capitalized; it is always underlined or italicized.
- The species descriptor is the adjective, written in lowercase and also underlined or italicized.
Rules of Binomial Nomenclature
- Scientific names consist of two parts, with the genus capitalized and the specific epithet not capitalized.
- Names are either italicized or underlined to denote their scientific nature.
Organism Classification
- Classification today relies on identifying similarities among organisms and grouping them accordingly.
- Established taxonomic classes are routinely utilized for organization.
Taxonomic Ranks
- The hierarchy of taxonomy consists of: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Determining Relationships Among Organisms
- Relationships are determined by comparing appearance, embryonic development, fossils, molecular DNA sequences, and proteins.
- A noteworthy example is the genetic relationship between horseshoe crabs and spiders.
Cladograms
- A cladogram is a branching diagram illustrating the cladistic relationships among various species.
Cladistics
- Cladistics classifies organisms based on the proportion of measurable characteristics they share with a common ancestor.
- A greater number of shared characteristics indicates a more recent common ancestor.
Six Kingdoms of Life
- Archaebacteria: Example - Pyrococcus furious.
- Eubacteria: Example - Proteobacteria.
- Protista: Example - Zooplankton.
- Fungi: Example - Mushrooms.
- Plantae: Example - Roses.
- Animalia: Examples - Squirrels, Polar bears.
Carl Woese and Domains
- Carl Woese proposed the three domains of life for bacteria:
- Bacteria: Most common prokaryotes (e.g., E. coli).
- Archaea: Prokaryotes that thrive in extreme conditions (e.g., Pyrococcus furious).
- Eukarya: Eukaryotic organisms, including protists, animals, plants, and fungi. Woese's molecular research revealed that Archaea are distinctly unrelated to other groups.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the science of taxonomy, including its history and the classification systems developed by key scientists. This quiz covers fundamental concepts and notable figures in the field of classification. Challenge yourself to identify key terms and definitions related to taxonomy.
