Taxonomy and Classification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who is the father of taxonomy?

Karl Vonn Linnaeus

What is systemics?

Study of diversity of animals and the evolutionary relationships between them.

What is nomenclature?

Assignment of distinct names between species.

What is a taxon?

<p>Group of animals that share a set of characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'latin binomial' refer to?

<p>Genus then species</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a monophyletic group?

<p>Includes most recent ancestral species and descendants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a polyphyletic group?

<p>Does not contain the most recent ancestors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a character in biological terms?

<p>Anything that has a genetic base and can be measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cladogram?

<p>Depicts a sequence in the origin of derived character states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are derived characters?

<p>Characters that have arisen since common ancestry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ancestral character states?

<p>Attributes of species that are old and retained from a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a clade?

<p>Related subset within a cladogram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Taxonomical groups in order: 1. ________, 2. _______, 3. ________, 4. ________, 5. ________, 6. ________, 7. ________.

<p>species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protosomes consist of what organisms?

<p>Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ecdysozoa consist of what organisms?

<p>Arthropods, Nematodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lophotrochozoa consist of what organisms?

<p>Annelids and Molluscs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deuterostomes consist of what organisms?

<p>Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does symmetry describe in animals?

<p>How parts of an animal are arranged around a point or axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is asymmetry?

<p>Absence of a central point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is radial symmetry?

<p>Arrangement of body parts that divides animal into mirror images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is bilateral symmetry?

<p>Divides animal into left and right mirror images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cephalization?

<p>Formation of a distinct head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diploblastic?

<p>Simplest tissue-level organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is triploblastic?

<p>Tissues are derived from embryonic layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does dorsal refer to?

<p>Back of an animal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ventral refer to?

<p>Belly of an animal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anterior refer to?

<p>Head end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does posterior refer to?

<p>Tail end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does aboral refer to?

<p>End opposite the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does oral refer to?

<p>End containing the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an acoelomate?

<p>Solid mass of cells between ectodermally and endodermally derived tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pseudocoelom?

<p>Body cavity not entirely lined by mesoderm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a coelom?

<p>Body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some protostome characteristics?

<p>Early cleavages in the zygote, fate of cells determined early in development, top-shaped larva called a trochophore larva.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some deuterostome characteristics?

<p>Radial cleavage occurs, fate of cells is determined late in development, no single kind of larval stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Taxonomy and Classification

  • Karl von Linnae is recognized as the father of taxonomy.
  • Systemics involves studying the diversity of animals and their evolutionary relationships, essentially synonymous with taxonomy.
  • Nomenclature refers to the distinct assignment of names to various species.
  • A taxon is a grouping of animals that share common characteristics.

Naming Conventions and Groups

  • Latin binomial naming utilizes the format of genus followed by species.
  • Monophyletic groups consist of a most recent ancestral species and all its descendants.
  • Polyphyletic groups lack the most recent common ancestors.
  • Derived characters (apomorphies) are traits that have developed since the last common ancestor, while ancestral character states (plesiomorphies) are older traits retained from a common ancestor.

Cladistics and Character States

  • Cladograms function as tree diagrams depicting the evolution and sequence of derived character states.
  • A clade is any subset of species within a cladogram that share a common ancestor.

Taxonomic Hierarchy

  • The order of taxonomical groups is: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom.

Organismal Groups and Their Features

  • Protosomes include Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda.
  • Ecdysozoa is characterized by arthropods and nematodes.
  • Lophotrochozoa includes annelids and mollusks.
  • Deuterostomes comprise Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata.

Symmetry and Body Plans

  • Symmetry describes the arrangement of an animal’s body parts around an axis.
  • Asymmetry reflects a lack of a central point of organization.
  • Radial symmetry divides an organism into multiple mirror images around a central point, while bilateral symmetry creates left and right mirror images.
  • Cephalization refers to the development of a distinct head in an organism.

Tissue Organization

  • Diploblastic organisms exhibit the simplest tissue-level organization.
  • Triploblastic organisms have tissues formed from three embryonic cell layers.

Anatomical Orientation

  • Dorsal refers to the back side of an animal.
  • Ventral refers to the belly side.
  • Anterior indicates the head end, while posterior refers to the tail end.
  • Aboral signifies the end opposite the mouth, and oral refers to the mouth region.

Body Cavities

  • Acoelomates have a solid mass of cells positioned between ectoderm and endoderm.
  • Pseudocoelomates possess a body cavity that is not fully lined by mesoderm.
  • Coelomates feature a body cavity completely encased by mesoderm.

Developmental Characteristics

  • Protostome development is evidenced by early cleavage in the zygote, predetermined cell fate, and the presence of a trochophore larva.
  • Deuterostome development is characterized by radial cleavage, late cell fate determination, and a variety of larval stages without a singular type.

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Description

Test your knowledge on taxonomy, nomenclature, and classifications of species. This quiz covers the fundamental concepts including naming conventions, monophyletic and polyphyletic groups, and the use of cladograms in understanding evolutionary relationships. Perfect for students studying biology and systematics!

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