Taxonomy and Classification of Living Organisms

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is true for protozoa?

  • They have a complex body cavity.
  • They are divided into cells.
  • They are always multicellular.
  • They carry out vital functions using organelles. (correct)

What defines mesozoa in comparison to other invertebrates?

  • They possess a complex organ system.
  • Their bodies have a ciliated outer layer. (correct)
  • They have more than two cell layers.
  • They are exclusively unicellular.

How is the taxonomic hierarchy structured according to classification systems?

  • Any taxon can belong to any other taxon.
  • Each taxon must belong to the taxon directly above it. (correct)
  • A class can belong directly to an order.
  • Species are categorized above genus in hierarchy.

What is a significant feature of modern classification systems?

<p>They incorporate phylogenetic relationships. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about invertebrate classification is correct?

<p>Taxa such as genus and species are part of a hierarchical classification system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Invertebrates

Organisms that lack a backbone.

Protozoa

Mostly single-celled organisms that carry out vital functions through organelles.

Mesozoa

Organisms with a cellular body structure, but lacking complex organization, with only two cell layers.

Taxonomy

A hierarchical system used to classify organisms, based on similarities and relationships.

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Taxa

Groups of organisms within a classification system, arranged in a hierarchy (phylum, class, order, family, genus, species).

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Study Notes

Taxon Hierarchy

  • Taxons contain other taxons beneath them, e.g., a phylum can contain classes.
  • Each taxon belongs to the taxon directly above it in the hierarchy.

Kingdoms

  • Five kingdoms are recognised: Prokaryotae, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
  • The latter four are part of the Super Kingdom Eukaryotae.
  • Protoctista now includes algae, protozoa, and some fungi and slime molds.
  • The two-kingdom system (Plantae and Animalia) is no longer sufficient to reflect phylogenetic relationships.

Invertebrate Classification

  • Invertebrates are animals without backbones.
  • They are divided into four groups based on their cellular composition.

Protozoa

  • Mostly unicellular (one-celled).
  • Also considered acellular (not divided into cells).
  • Organelles carry out functions.

Mesozoa

  • Named because they are thought to be intermediate between multicellular animals and single-celled organisms.
  • Bodies are cellular.
  • Have no more than two cell layers, with the outer layer being ciliated and the inner layer reproductive.
  • Bilaterally symmetrical (mirror-image halves).
  • Lack organs.
  • Lack a body cavity.

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