Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of loss is a business bad debt treated as?
What type of loss is a business bad debt treated as?
- Long-term capital loss
- Short-term capital loss
- Capital loss
- Ordinary loss (correct)
When can a taxpayer deduct a nonbusiness bad debt?
When can a taxpayer deduct a nonbusiness bad debt?
- When the debt becomes wholly worthless. (correct)
- When the debt is incurred.
- When the debt becomes partially worthless.
- When the debt is written off.
What happens to a bad debt that was written off in a previous year but recovered in the current year?
What happens to a bad debt that was written off in a previous year but recovered in the current year?
- It is not reported.
- It is reported as other income. (correct)
- It is deducted as a capital loss.
- It is deducted as an ordinary loss.
What is the primary method used to deduct bad debts for tax purposes?
What is the primary method used to deduct bad debts for tax purposes?
Can a taxpayer deduct a loan made to a corporation if it is considered a contribution to capital?
Can a taxpayer deduct a loan made to a corporation if it is considered a contribution to capital?
Can a taxpayer take a bad debt deduction for amounts owed that were never included in gross income?
Can a taxpayer take a bad debt deduction for amounts owed that were never included in gross income?
Why can't a taxpayer using the cash method of accounting claim a bad debt deduction for amounts owed that weren't received?
Why can't a taxpayer using the cash method of accounting claim a bad debt deduction for amounts owed that weren't received?
How is a partially worthless nonbusiness bad debt treated for tax purposes?
How is a partially worthless nonbusiness bad debt treated for tax purposes?
What is the primary requirement for a bad debt deduction to be allowed?
What is the primary requirement for a bad debt deduction to be allowed?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the deductibility of a worthless debt?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the deductibility of a worthless debt?
A cash-basis taxpayer is generally not allowed to deduct bad debts because:
A cash-basis taxpayer is generally not allowed to deduct bad debts because:
What is the key factor determining whether a debt qualifies as a business bad debt?
What is the key factor determining whether a debt qualifies as a business bad debt?
A loan made to a close friend with the understanding that repayment may not occur is considered a:
A loan made to a close friend with the understanding that repayment may not occur is considered a:
Which of the following is always considered a business bad debt?
Which of the following is always considered a business bad debt?
Why might a business bad debt be more advantageous than a non-business bad debt?
Why might a business bad debt be more advantageous than a non-business bad debt?
What is the primary difference between a bad debt and a worthless security?
What is the primary difference between a bad debt and a worthless security?
If an employee's reimbursements for business expenses are equal to the actual expenses and they provide an accounting of the expenses to their employer, which of the following is true under an accountable plan?
If an employee's reimbursements for business expenses are equal to the actual expenses and they provide an accounting of the expenses to their employer, which of the following is true under an accountable plan?
What happens to excess reimbursements in an accountable plan if the employee substantiates the expenses?
What happens to excess reimbursements in an accountable plan if the employee substantiates the expenses?
Which of the following is NOT a deductible expense for business travel?
Which of the following is NOT a deductible expense for business travel?
When can an employee deduct the standard mileage rate instead of actual expenses for business travel?
When can an employee deduct the standard mileage rate instead of actual expenses for business travel?
Which of the following is deductible as a business expense for a business trip?
Which of the following is deductible as a business expense for a business trip?
What is the deductible limit on meals for a business trip?
What is the deductible limit on meals for a business trip?
When can an employee deduct the cost of lodging for a business trip?
When can an employee deduct the cost of lodging for a business trip?
What is the appropriate treatment for unreimbursed employee expenses when an employee submits a detailed accounting to their employer for the expenses?
What is the appropriate treatment for unreimbursed employee expenses when an employee submits a detailed accounting to their employer for the expenses?
Which of the following scenarios would NOT be considered a deductible bad debt?
Which of the following scenarios would NOT be considered a deductible bad debt?
A cash basis taxpayer is unable to claim a bad debt deduction because:
A cash basis taxpayer is unable to claim a bad debt deduction because:
A business owner loans $10,000 to a friend who later declares bankruptcy. The loan is now considered uncollectible. Which of the following is true?
A business owner loans $10,000 to a friend who later declares bankruptcy. The loan is now considered uncollectible. Which of the following is true?
Which of these scenarios describes a deductible bad debt?
Which of these scenarios describes a deductible bad debt?
A business owner has a worthless corporate security. Which of the following is true?
A business owner has a worthless corporate security. Which of the following is true?
No deduction is allowed for bad debts which are primarily personal in nature. What are the exceptions to this rule?
No deduction is allowed for bad debts which are primarily personal in nature. What are the exceptions to this rule?
When travelling outside the U.S., the ______ is not required for transportation expenses.
When travelling outside the U.S., the ______ is not required for transportation expenses.
Transportation expenses when traveling within the US are 100% deductible if the primary purpose is business but 0% deductible if the primary purpose is personal. Why is there no proportional allocation for transportation costs when traveling within the US?
Transportation expenses when traveling within the US are 100% deductible if the primary purpose is business but 0% deductible if the primary purpose is personal. Why is there no proportional allocation for transportation costs when traveling within the US?
A taxpayer can show that his or her attendance at a convention benefits his or her trade or business by comparing the convention agenda with the official duties and responsibilities of his or her position. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A taxpayer can show that his or her attendance at a convention benefits his or her trade or business by comparing the convention agenda with the official duties and responsibilities of his or her position. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
With regard to reimbursements for employee expenses which of the following statements is correct?
With regard to reimbursements for employee expenses which of the following statements is correct?
What is the rule of thumb for deductible expenses under $75?
What is the rule of thumb for deductible expenses under $75?
A bad debt deduction is allowed only for what type of debt?
A bad debt deduction is allowed only for what type of debt?
Money lent to a relative or friend with the understanding the relative or friend may not repay it must be considered a gift by the taxpayer, not as a loan, and it may not be deducted as a bad debt.
Money lent to a relative or friend with the understanding the relative or friend may not repay it must be considered a gift by the taxpayer, not as a loan, and it may not be deducted as a bad debt.
A cash-basis taxpayer has no basis in accounts receivable and generally has no deduction for bad debts.
A cash-basis taxpayer has no basis in accounts receivable and generally has no deduction for bad debts.
A business bad debt is one incurred or acquired in connection with or closely related to the taxpayer's trade or business. What is the primary motive for a business-related bad debt?
A business bad debt is one incurred or acquired in connection with or closely related to the taxpayer's trade or business. What is the primary motive for a business-related bad debt?
What is the general rule for a nonbusiness bad debt?
What is the general rule for a nonbusiness bad debt?
What is the difference between a bad debt and a capital loss?
What is the difference between a bad debt and a capital loss?
Taxpayers cannot take a bad debt deduction for a loan made to a corporation, if based on the facts and circumstances, the loan is actually a contribution to capital.
Taxpayers cannot take a bad debt deduction for a loan made to a corporation, if based on the facts and circumstances, the loan is actually a contribution to capital.
Taxpayers can take a bad debt deduction only if the amount owed was previously included in gross income.
Taxpayers can take a bad debt deduction only if the amount owed was previously included in gross income.
If a taxpayer uses the cash method of accounting, (s)he generally reports income when payment is received. A taxpayer cannot take a bad debt deduction for amounts owed because those amounts were never included in income.
If a taxpayer uses the cash method of accounting, (s)he generally reports income when payment is received. A taxpayer cannot take a bad debt deduction for amounts owed because those amounts were never included in income.
What are the methods used to figure out allowable bad debt deductions for tax purposes?
What are the methods used to figure out allowable bad debt deductions for tax purposes?
Investments are not treated as a trade or business.
Investments are not treated as a trade or business.
A shareholder loan to protect his or her investment in the corporation is not treated as a business loan.
A shareholder loan to protect his or her investment in the corporation is not treated as a business loan.
A partially worthless nonbusiness bad debt is deductible.
A partially worthless nonbusiness bad debt is deductible.
A wholly worthless nonbusiness debt is deducted in the year it becomes worthless, and it is then treated as a short-term capital loss.
A wholly worthless nonbusiness debt is deducted in the year it becomes worthless, and it is then treated as a short-term capital loss.
Worthless corporate securities are not considered bad debts, they are generally treated as a capital loss.
Worthless corporate securities are not considered bad debts, they are generally treated as a capital loss.
If a taxpayer uses the cash method of accounting, she generally reports income when payment is received, and a taxpayer cannot take a bad debt deduction for amounts owed because those amounts were never included in income.
If a taxpayer uses the cash method of accounting, she generally reports income when payment is received, and a taxpayer cannot take a bad debt deduction for amounts owed because those amounts were never included in income.
The reserve method and the specific write-off method are only used for financial accounting purposes.
The reserve method and the specific write-off method are only used for financial accounting purposes.
If the specific write-off method is used, a taxpayer can deduct specific bad debts that become either partly or totally worthless during the tax year.
If the specific write-off method is used, a taxpayer can deduct specific bad debts that become either partly or totally worthless during the tax year.
Taxpayers can deduct specific bad debts that become partly uncollectible.
Taxpayers can deduct specific bad debts that become partly uncollectible.
The tax deduction is limited to the amount charged off on the books during the year.
The tax deduction is limited to the amount charged off on the books during the year.
Flashcards
Business Bad Debt
Business Bad Debt
A debt treated as an ordinary loss, when deemed worthless and written off.
Nonbusiness Bad Debt
Nonbusiness Bad Debt
Debt incurred outside the taxpayer's trade or business, not eligible for deduction except as a capital loss.
Wholly Worthless Nonbusiness Debt
Wholly Worthless Nonbusiness Debt
A nonbusiness debt that is completely worthless can be deducted in the year it becomes worthless as a short-term capital loss.
Partially Worthless Nonbusiness Debt
Partially Worthless Nonbusiness Debt
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Deduction for Corporate Loans
Deduction for Corporate Loans
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Deduction Criteria
Deduction Criteria
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Specific Write-Off Method
Specific Write-Off Method
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Cash Method Accounting
Cash Method Accounting
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Actual Expenses Deduction
Actual Expenses Deduction
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Standard Mileage Rate
Standard Mileage Rate
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Business Use Car Rental
Business Use Car Rental
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Lodging Deduction
Lodging Deduction
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Meal Deduction
Meal Deduction
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Dry Cleaning and Laundry
Dry Cleaning and Laundry
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Business Communication Expenses
Business Communication Expenses
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Reimbursed Employee Expenses
Reimbursed Employee Expenses
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Nonaccountable plan
Nonaccountable plan
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Documentary evidence
Documentary evidence
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Canceled check
Canceled check
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Bad debt deduction
Bad debt deduction
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Worthless debt
Worthless debt
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Cash-basis taxpayer
Cash-basis taxpayer
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Travel Expense Deductibility
Travel Expense Deductibility
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Family Living at Post
Family Living at Post
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Cash Basis Taxpayer Limitations
Cash Basis Taxpayer Limitations
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Worthless Security Exclusion
Worthless Security Exclusion
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Accrual Basis Taxpayer
Accrual Basis Taxpayer
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Allowable Bad Debt Deduction
Allowable Bad Debt Deduction
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Cash Basis Taxpayer Deduction Limitations
Cash Basis Taxpayer Deduction Limitations
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Short-Term Capital Loss
Short-Term Capital Loss
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Organizational Expenses Amortization
Organizational Expenses Amortization
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Start-Up Costs Expensing
Start-Up Costs Expensing
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Qualified Business Income (QBI)
Qualified Business Income (QBI)
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Reimbursable Employee Expenses
Reimbursable Employee Expenses
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Deductible Travel Expenses
Deductible Travel Expenses
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Home Office Deduction
Home Office Deduction
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Limit on Home Office Expenses
Limit on Home Office Expenses
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Directly Related Business Expenses
Directly Related Business Expenses
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Travel and Transportation Expenses
Travel and Transportation Expenses
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Dry Cleaning Expenses During Business Travel
Dry Cleaning Expenses During Business Travel
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Qualified Employee Achievement Awards Deduction
Qualified Employee Achievement Awards Deduction
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Ordinary and Necessary Expenses
Ordinary and Necessary Expenses
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Legal and Professional Fees
Legal and Professional Fees
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Section 274 Travel Restrictions
Section 274 Travel Restrictions
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Rev. Rul. 75-432 Conclusion
Rev. Rul. 75-432 Conclusion
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Capital Loss Deduction Limits
Capital Loss Deduction Limits
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Loan Deduction for Business Validity
Loan Deduction for Business Validity
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Commingled Business Expenses
Commingled Business Expenses
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Amortization Expense Calculation
Amortization Expense Calculation
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Personal Use Vehicle Deduction Limits
Personal Use Vehicle Deduction Limits
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Study Notes
Travel Expenses
- Ordinary and necessary travel expenses are deductible when away from home overnight for business purposes, including meals (with a 50% limit).
- Travel is not deductible if primarily personal, unless directly-related business expenses are present at the destination.
- Spouse's travel expenses aren't deductible unless there's a business purpose, the spouse is an employee where expenses would otherwise be deductible, or the spouse's presence is for a bona fide business purpose.
- Commuting expenses between home and work are not deductible. Home is considered the taxpayer's regular or principal place of business, or if none exists, the taxpayer's regular place of residence.
- If a work location is indefinite, travel expenses aren't deductible as it is considered a change of tax home location.
- Travel for attending investment meetings or education (e.g., language improvement) isn't deductible.
- Deductible meal percentage for Department of Transportation employees is 80%.
- Transportation costs between home and the business location are deductible, even when the destination involves a cruise ship.
Automobile Expenses
- Actual automobile expenses (e.g., repairs, gasoline) are deductible.
- Alternatively, a standard mileage rate of $0.655 per mile (2023) plus other non-automobile expenses (e.g., parking, tolls) are deductible.
Domestic Travel
- Domestic travel expenses, excluding transportation, are allocated based on business vs. personal purpose.
- Transportation expenses are 100% deductible if the primary purpose is business.
- Transportation is 0% deductible if the primary travel purpose is personal within the US (no proportional allocation for costs).
Foreign Travel
- Foreign travel expenses are allocated between business and personal time unless one of the following three exceptions apply.
- The trip is considered entirely for business if the traveler didn't have control over arranging the trip.
- The trip is less than a week (7 consecutive days) and personal recreation wasn't the major consideration.
- The trip is longer than a week, but the foreign travel time spent on nonbusiness activities represents less than 25% of total time away from home during that trip.
Convention Expenses
- Convention expenses are deductible if related to the taxpayer's business.
- Attendance being voluntary or using vacation time doesn't negate deductions.
- Expenses related to investments, financial planning, or income-producing properties aren't deductible.
- The convention agenda should show business benefits and responsibilities align with taxpayer's position.
Reimbursed Employee Expenses
- If reimbursements = expenses and accounted to the employer, reimbursements aren't included in the employee's income and employer may deduct expenses (accountable plan).
- This also applies if employee returns excess reimbursements and substantiates the expenses.
- If excess reimbursements aren't returned or unproven, reimbursements are included in employee's income, and no expenses are deductible.
Recordkeeping
- Documentary evidence (receipts, canceled checks, bills) is generally required to support expenses.
- Evidence shows amounts, dates, locations, and nature of expenses.
- Canceled check + bill from payee = sufficient evidence for typical business expenses. Canceled check alone does not prove business expense and is insufficient for expenses of over $75, excluding lodging.
- Lodging expenses above $75 require additional evidence of business purpose.
Bad Debts
- Bad debt deduction is allowed for bona fide debts (fixed/determinable amounts) arising from a debtor-creditor relationship.
- Worthless debt deducted only up to the adjusted basis.
- Lending money to a relative isn't considered a debt, but rather a gift.
- Cash basis taxpayers don't have basis in receivables and thus have no bad debt deduction.
Business Bad Debt
- Business bad debt arises from business-related activities.
- Loans to clients/suppliers for business reasons and become worthless, are business debts.
- Worthless business bad debts are deductible up to the written-off amount.
Nonbusiness Bad Debt
- Nonbusiness bad debts are debts that aren't connected to trade/business activities (e.g., investments).
- Investments do not qualify as trade/business activities.
- Shareholder loans for investment purposes are not business bad debts.
- Partially-worthless bad debts aren't deductible and debts fully become worthless during tax year are deducted as short-term capital losses.
- Debts owed from all sources, including sales, services, rent, and interest, must have been included as income.
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